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Rifaximin is known to reach high concentrations in the intestinal lumen without generating relevant resistance in the intestinal flora. Our aim was to compare the effect of Norfloxacin and Rifaximin on intestinal flora composition, bacterial translocation and survival in cirrhotic rats<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cirrhosis was induced in rats by oral administration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. Animals were divided into three groups: only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (group I, n\u00a0=\u00a010); <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> + Norfloxacin (group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a017) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> + Rifaximin (group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a014). Gut bacterial composition, bacterial translocation and cytokine levels were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one rats were finally included. The incidence of viable and non\u2010viable bacterial translocation was significantly reduced in animals receiving Norfloxacin; Rifaximin also decreased the incidence of viable and non\u2010viable bacterial translocation, but did not reach statistical significance. Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 levels were significantly lower in antibiotic groups. Norfloxacin modified intestinal microbiota, depleting significantly more pathobionts than Rifaximin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Norfloxacin is more effective than Rifaximin in preventing bacterial translocation in rats with cirrhosis probably because of its capacity to reduce pathobionts from intestinal microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]],"date-time":"2017-08-18T06:32:55Z","timestamp":1503037975000},"page":"295-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Norfloxacin is more effective than Rifaximin in avoiding bacterial translocation in an animal model of cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4305-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Hurtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERehd Instituto Salud Carlos III  Madrid 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