{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:13:37Z","timestamp":1787015617023,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201300025C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201300025C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201300026C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201300026C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201300027C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201300027C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201300028C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201300028C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201300029C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201300029C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268200900041C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268200900041C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR001424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HL\u2010098445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HL\u2010098445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease is an epidemic. Identifying modifiable risk factors for non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease development is essential to design effective prevention programmes. We tested whether 25\u2010year patterns of body mass index change are associated with midlife non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all, 4423 participants from Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, a prospective population\u2010based biracial cohort (age 18\u201030), underwent body mass index measurement at baseline (1985\u20101986) and 3 or more times over 25\u00a0years. At Year 25, 3115 had liver fat assessed by non\u2010contrast computed tomography. Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease was defined as liver attenuation \u226440 Hounsfield Units after exclusions. Latent mixture modelling identified 25\u2010year trajectories in body mass index per cent change (%\u0394) from baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified four distinct trajectories of BMI%\u0394: stable (26.2% of cohort, 25\u2010year BMI %\u0394\u00a0=\u00a03.1%), moderate increase (46.0%,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      %\u0394\u00a0=\u00a021.7%), high increase (20.9%,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      %\u0394\u00a0=\u00a041.9%) and extreme increase (6.9%,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      %\u0394\u00a0=\u00a065.9%). Y25 non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence was higher in groups with greater\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      %\u0394: 4.1%, 9.3%, 13.0%, and 17.6%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010trend &lt;.0001). In multivariable analyses, participants with increasing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      %\u0394 had increasingly greater odds of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to the stable group:\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 3.35 (95% CI: 2.07\u20105.42), 7.80 (4.60\u201013.23) and 12.68 (6.68\u201024.09) for moderate, high and extreme body mass index increase, respectively. Associations were only moderately attenuated when adjusted for baseline or Y25 body mass index.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trajectories of weight gain during young adulthood are associated with greater non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence in midlife independent of metabolic covariates and baseline or concurrent body mass index highlighting the importance of weight maintenance throughout adulthood as a target for primary non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T21:56:39Z","timestamp":1506722199000},"page":"706-714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Body mass index trajectories in young adulthood predict non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle age: The\n                    <scp>CARDIA<\/scp>\n                    cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-2573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa B.","family":"VanWagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadiya S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juned","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam B.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Speliotes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah A.","family":"Terrault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology University of California at San Francisco  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Rinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Lloyd\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norrina B.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.171280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20466"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520300035033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540430051032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-011-0565-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12861"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.055889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.962"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.0992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-010-9113-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.285122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2124-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.518623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-014-1489-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-016-2299-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.222S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1025"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fliv.13603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.13603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T13:00:29Z","timestamp":1695560429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.13603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.13603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.13603","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]}}}