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Although rare in most populations, it is prevalent and often familial in British Columbia First Nations. We hypothesized that major genetic factors increased the risk in First Nations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 44 individuals with Primary Biliary Cholangitis and 61 unaffected relatives from 32 First Nations families participated. Family history and co\u2010morbidities were documented. Medical records were reviewed and available biopsies were re\u2010reviewed by our team pathologist. Genotyping was performed on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> from 36 affected persons and 27 unaffected relatives using the Affymetrix Human Mapping 500K Array Set. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MERLIN<\/jats:styled-content> software was used to carry out multipoint parametric and nonparametric linkage analysis. Candidate genes were identified and entered into Innate<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DB<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KEGG<\/jats:styled-content> software to identify potential pathways affecting pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 34% of families were multiplex. Fifty per cent of cases and 33% of unaffected relatives reported other autoimmune disease. Three genomic regions (9q21, 17p13 and 19p13) produced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOD<\/jats:styled-content> scores of 2.3 or greater suggestive of linkage, but no single linkage peak reached statistical significance. Candidate genes identified in the three regions suggested involvement of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>17, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03baB, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>6, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JAK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAT<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b2 immune signalling pathways. Specifically, four genes\u2014<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACT<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIN<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNMT<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTN<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>\u2014emerged as having roles in these pathways that may influence Primary Biliary Cholangitis pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our whole genome linkage study results reflect the multifactorial nature of Primary Biliary Cholangitis, support previous studies suggesting signalling pathway involvement and identify new candidate genes for consideration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T11:53:31Z","timestamp":1514980411000},"page":"940-948","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Primary Biliary Cholangitis in British Columbia First Nations: Clinical features and discovery of novel genetic susceptibility loci"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sirisha","family":"Asuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Sciences 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