{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:46:46Z","timestamp":1770284806886,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]],"date-time":"2018-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010165","name":"British Society for Geomorphology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Health Quality Improvement Partnership"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Health Quality Improvement Partnership"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010165","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background & Aims<\/jats:title>There is limited information regarding patients with AIH<\/jats:styled-content> outside relatively few large centres. We describe here the presenting features of patients with AIH<\/jats:styled-content>, collected as part of an audit involving 28 UK<\/jats:styled-content> hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Patients (incident since 1\/1\/2007 or prevalent since 1\/1\/2000) were \u226518\u00a0years and either met 1999 International AIH<\/jats:styled-content> Group (IAIHG<\/jats:styled-content>) diagnostic criteria (n\u00a0=\u00a01164), or received immunosuppressive therapy for clinically diagnosed AIH<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0=\u00a0103).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of 1267 patients (80% women, 91% Caucasian, age (median(range)) 55(8\u201086)\u00a0years, 0.5% had acute viral hepatitis (CMV<\/jats:styled-content>\/EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HEV<\/jats:styled-content>); 2% were taking Nitrofurantoin and 0.7% Khat. Twenty\u2010one percent had clinical decompensation and\/or a MELD<\/jats:styled-content> score of >15. Time from first abnormal liver tests to diagnosis was \u22651\u00a0year in 19% and was longer in jaundiced vs non\u2010jaundiced patients. HBV<\/jats:styled-content> and HCV<\/jats:styled-content> serology were undocumented in 4%, serum immunoglobulins in 31% and autoantibodies in 11%\u201027%. When documented, \u22651 antibody was present in 83%. LKM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u2010positive and autoantibody\u2010negative patients had more severe disease. Histological cirrhosis was reported in 23%, interface hepatitis 88%, predominant lymphocytes\/plasma cells 75%, rosettes 19% and emperipolesis 0.4%. Only 65% of those meeting 1999 IAIHG<\/jats:styled-content> criteria also met simplified IAIHG<\/jats:styled-content> criteria. University Hospitals compared to District General Hospitals, were more likely to report histological features of AIH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>This cohort from across the UK<\/jats:styled-content> is older than other multicentre AIH<\/jats:styled-content> cohorts. One\u2010fifth had decompensation or MELD<\/jats:styled-content> >15. Diagnosis was delayed in 19%, diagnostic testing was incomplete in one\u2010third and rosettes and emperipolesis were infrequently reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,18]],"date-time":"2018-02-18T03:32:47Z","timestamp":1518924767000},"page":"1686-1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Diagnosis, presentation and initial severity of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH<\/scp>) in patients attending 28 hospitals in the UK<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ratul","family":"Adhikary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calderdale Royal Hospital Halifax UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Appleby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debasis","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stepping Hill Hospital Stockport UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addenbrooks Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Delahooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selena","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Airedale NHS Foundation Trust Airedale UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Elphick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chesterfield Royal Hospital Chesterfield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hardie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freeman Hospital Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hoeroldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotherham Foundation NHS Trust Rotherham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Derby Hospital Derby UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust York UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St James's University Hospital Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doncaster Royal Infirmary Doncaster UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guruprasad P.","family":"Aithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"McGonigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Tees University Hospital Hartlepool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scarborough Hospital Scarborough UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alick","family":"Nkhoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Darlington Memorial Hospital Darlington UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavroula","family":"Pelitari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Coventry Warwickshire Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annell","family":"Prosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singleton Hospital Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Sathanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barnsley District General Hospital Barnsley UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Savva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kettering General Hospital Kettering UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naina","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings College Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sushma","family":"Saksena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital North Durham Durham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sreedhari","family":"Thayalasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull Royal Infirmary Hull UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deven","family":"Vani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid\u2010Yorkshire Hospital Yorkshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Yeoman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dermot","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The UK Multi\u2010Centre AIH Audit Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0210-5705(03)70452-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802130183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.946083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"statistics U.C.\u2010O.f.N. 2011 Census: Ethnic group local authorities in the United Kingdom. (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.5.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.13.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van GervenNM van derEijkAA PasSD et al.Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in autoimmune hepatitis patients in the Netherlands. (2016).","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.251.hpe"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.2.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.01986.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.235259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-014-8432-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"GordonVM DubeA KarajehM GleesonD.Emperipolesis on liver biopsy in Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH). An underutilised diagnostic marker?in Oral Presentation at EASL Monothematic AIH conference London; Sept 2015 (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24481"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fliv.13724","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.13724","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.13724","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.13724","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:06:11Z","timestamp":1694390771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.13724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.13724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.13724","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}