{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:00:17Z","timestamp":1740171617085,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease is common in human immunodeficiency virus, but there are no approved therapies. The aim of this open\u2010label proof\u2010of\u2010concept study was to determine the effect of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone on hepatic fat in human immunodeficiency virus\u2010infected patients with hepatic fat \u22655% by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five subjects received eplerenone (25\u00a0mg daily\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\u00a0week followed by 50\u00a0mg daily\u00a0\u00d7\u00a023\u00a0weeks). Laboratory tests were done at each visit, and the primary endpoint, change in hepatic fat content, was determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> spectroscopy at baseline and week 24.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was stopped early after observing unexpected significant increases in hepatic fat at week 24 (mean increase 13.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.3%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02). The increases in steatosis were accompanied by a tendency for transaminase values to decrease (alanine aminotransferase mean change \u221214\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016\u00a0IU\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.14). There were no consistent changes in other metabolic parameters or blood pressure. Repeat assessment of hepatic steatosis 1\u20102\u00a0months after stopping study medication revealed improvements in steatosis towards baseline values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unexpected observation of increased hepatic steatosis with the administration of eplerenone led to early termination of the investigation. While limited because of the small number of participants and the open\u2010label design, this study provides data to suggest that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism with eplerenone may not be an effective approach to treat hepatic steatosis in human immunodeficiency virus or the general population. Additional research is needed to determine the pathophysiological mechanism behind these unanticipated observations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T18:32:40Z","timestamp":1520361160000},"page":"797-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unanticipated increases in hepatic steatosis among human immunodeficiency virus patients receiving mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone for non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7612-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe S.","family":"Chaudhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia B.","family":"Purdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Clinical Center NIH  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Clinical Center NIH  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caryn G.","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Clinical Center NIH  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takara L.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3442-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Kleiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute NIH  Bethesda MD 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