{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:09:38Z","timestamp":1791317378116,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testosterone plays a role in predisposing individuals to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but its effects differ between men and women. We investigated the association between serum total testosterone and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional analysis of data from participants in the 2011\u20102012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was performed. Subjects with significant alcohol consumption and those with viral hepatitis were excluded. We used the highest sex\u2010specific quartiles of serum total testosterone as references. <jats:italic>Suspected<\/jats:italic> non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed when serum alanine aminotransferase was &gt;30\u00a0IU\/L for men and &gt;19\u00a0IU\/L for women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 4758 subjects (49.4% men), the prevalence of <jats:italic>suspected<\/jats:italic> non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease was inversely correlated with the sex\u2010specific quartiles of testosterone in men and women. In a multivariate model, low total testosterone levels were associated with progressively higher odds of <jats:italic>suspected<\/jats:italic> non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in men after adjusting for age, obesity and other metabolic risk factors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values for trends &lt;.01). When the women were divided into 2 groups according to menopausal status, a significant correlation was observed only in the post\u2010menopausal women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values for trends &lt;.01). The adjusted odds ratios for <jats:italic>suspected<\/jats:italic> non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease were 1.72\u20101.99 in men and 2.15\u20102.26 in post\u2010menopausal women (lowest quartile vs highest quartile).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this nationally representative sample of adults in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>, low total testosterone levels were associated with <jats:italic>suspected<\/jats:italic> non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in men and post\u2010menopausal women independent of known risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T14:06:53Z","timestamp":1520518013000},"page":"2051-2059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Serum testosterone and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in men and women in the <scp>US<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0705-2490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Yoon","family":"Yim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Healthcare Research Institute Gangnam Healthcare Center Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0879-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Healthcare System Gangnam Center Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population Medical Research Center Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3609-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aijaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA 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