{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:13:44Z","timestamp":1793060024960,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content>) is one of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis of enteric transmission worldwide. In South America the overall epidemiology has been little studied, and the burden of the disease remains largely unknown. A research of all scientific articles about <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> circulation in South America until November 2017 was carried out. Human seroprevalences of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> varied according to the studied population: blood donors presented prevalence rates ranging from 1.8% to 9.8%, while reports from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals, transplant recipients and patients on hemodialysis showed higher prevalence rates. Only 2 cases of chronic hepatitis in solid\u2010organ transplant patients from Argentina and Brazil have been described. Detection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> in the swine population is widely prevalent in the region. Anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies have also been recently documented in wild boars from Uruguay. Although scarce, studies focused on environmental and food <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> detection have shown viral presence in these kind of samples, highlighting possible transmission sources of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> in the continent. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 3 was the most frequently detected in the region, with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 1 detected only in Venezuela and Uruguay. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEV<\/jats:styled-content> is widely distributed throughout South America, producing sporadic cases of acute hepatitis, but as a possible agent of chronic hepatitis. Finding the virus in humans, animals, environmental samples and food, show that it can be transmitted through many sources, alerting local governments and health systems to improve diagnosis and for the implementation of preventive measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T23:29:25Z","timestamp":1527031765000},"page":"1536-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Hepatitis E virus in South America: The current scenario"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda B.","family":"Pisano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)  Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel G.","family":"Martinez\u2010Wassaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Virolog\u00eda LACE  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Mirazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n Virolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabella","family":"Fantilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Arbiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n Virolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 D.","family":"Debes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana E.","family":"R\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. M. Vanella\u201d Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)  Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Fact sheet HEV July 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040869"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i31.7030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2006.140140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890420305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Viral hepatitis serological markers among pregnant women in Caracas, Venezuela: implication for perinatal transmission of hepatitis B and C","volume":"48","author":"Pujol FH","year":"1994","journal-title":"G E N"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.1997.tb00788.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibody in blood donors and other population groups in Southern Chile","volume":"125","author":"Ibarra H","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Epidemiological study of hepatitis A and E viruses in different populations in Uruguay","volume":"20","author":"Cruells MR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199708)52:4<430::AID-JMV15>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Estimated prevalence of viral hepatitis in the general population of the municipality of S\u00e3o Paulo, measured by a serologic survey of a stratified, randomized and residence\u2010based population","volume":"2","author":"Focaccia R","year":"1998","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1998.11813321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00457.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1999.t01-1-6120135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.5.813-816.2000","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus immunoglobulin G antibodies in different populations in Campinas, Brazil","volume":"7","author":"Gon\u00e7ales NSL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000100004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000500007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822002000200005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"Aspectos Virol\u00f3gicos Associados a Pacientes Com Hepatite Aguda Viral [Tese Doutorado]","author":"Lyra AC","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872001000500008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Hepatitis E IgG antibodies seroprevalence in a Peruvian risk group","volume":"20","author":"Vildosola H","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Peru"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Hepatitis A and E virus antibodies in Chilean children of low socioeconomic status: a 1\u00a0year follow\u2010up study","volume":"134","author":"Ibarra H","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"1488","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in humans and Swine, Bolivia","volume":"17","author":"Dell'Amico MC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000300007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.36104\/amc.2013.54","article-title":"Seroprevalencia de hepatitis E en trabajadores de fincas porc\u00edcolas del Valle de Aburr\u00e1 2011\u20132012","volume":"38","author":"Betancur CA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta M\u00e9d Colomb"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v34i3.2236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31248-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.iatreia.v28n3a03"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-3171-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3562-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24336"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0036-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i19.2194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.131471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1204512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12799"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30813-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus\u2010associated aplastic anemia. Report of a case","volume":"75","author":"Zylberman M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Severe decompensation of hepatitis e in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis: a case report","volume":"32","author":"Valenzuela V","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Peru"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02286-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Ribavirin treatment of patient with chronic hepatitis E. First case reported in Latin America","volume":"46","author":"Gruz F","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890320110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8100270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000200003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2012.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21897\/rmvz.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0301-732X2003000200011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20741"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822007000400020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000700016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2016.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1802.111453"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.March.31.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177525"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-016-9243-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02327-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-7733"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of a tap water\u2010mediated hepatitis E virus genotype 4 outbreak in Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"22","author":"Chen YJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus in three acute liver failure cases in children in Argentina","volume":"36","author":"Munn\u00e9 MS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-0991-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0503-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000200006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2005000500015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"Detection of IgM antibodies against hepatitis E virus","volume":"133","author":"Hurtado C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.4.719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Acute hepatitis secondary to Hepatitis E. Report of two cases from a population of high socioeconomic level Lima","volume":"30","author":"Rivero JDM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Peru"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fliv.13881","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.13881","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.13881","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.13881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:06:49Z","timestamp":1694390809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.13881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.13881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.13881","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}