{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:15:40Z","timestamp":1787015740879,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research Rotterdam"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge about bacterascites is limited and management guidelines are based on small patient series. The purpose of this study was to add further insight into the clinical characteristics, microbiological findings, and prognosis of patients diagnosed with bacterascites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective analysis of patients with advanced chronic liver disease diagnosed with bacterascites and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      between January 2003 and August 2016.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, 123 patients were included with 142 episodes of bacterascites. The median\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MELD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      score was 20 and clinical symptoms of infection were present in 78%. Empiric antibiotic treatment was initiated in 68%. In 26 untreated patients undergoing repeated paracentesis, 42% were diagnosed with either ongoing bacterascites or\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The presence of signs or symptoms of infection was not an independent predictor for mortality or spontaneous resolution of infection. The 1\u2010month and 1\u2010year mortality rates of the 123 patients studied, were 32% and 60%, respectively; these results were in line with data pertaining to the prognosis of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with bacterascites and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are highly comparable with respect to severity of liver disease and overall prognosis. If left untreated, bacterascites is likely to persist or to evolve to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in a significant proportion of patients. The results of this study support current guidelines regarding the treatment of ascitic fluid infection, but could not confirm the prognostic relevance of symptomatic disease at the time of diagnosis. We suggest that the threshold to initiate antibiotic treatment, in particular in cases with severely advanced liver disease, should be low.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T04:25:02Z","timestamp":1531283102000},"page":"2199-2209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Bacterascites: A study of clinical features, microbiological findings, and clinical significance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalie C.","family":"Oey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1299-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henk R.","family":"van Buuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole S.","family":"Erler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"de Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80201-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030411","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a prospective investigation in predominantly nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients","volume":"3","author":"Pinzello G","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360230099015","article-title":"Polymicrobial bacterascites. 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