{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:30:17Z","timestamp":1790231417517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholms L\u00e4ns Landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is unclear whether histological variables may help predict CVD risk. We evaluated histology and traditional CV risk factors as predictors of CVD outcomes in a large NAFLD cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 603 biopsy\u2010proven NAFLD patients free of baseline CVD and matched these (1:10, by age, sex and municipality) to 6269 population controls. All individuals were cross\u2010linked to national registries to ascertain incident CVD events, defined as acute ischaemic heart disease or stroke. The presence of CV risk factors and liver histology were available in NAFLD patients only. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for incident CVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a mean follow\u2010up of 18.6 years, 168 (28%) of NAFLD patients and 1325 (21%) of controls experienced a CVD event (HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.30\u20101.83). Within the NAFLD cohort, age, male sex, type 2 diabetes, smoking and triglycerides were associated with risk of CVD. Taking these CV risk factors into account, no histological parameter, including presence of NASH and fibrosis stage, were associated with incident CVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with NAFLD are at an increased risk for CVD compared to matched controls, but histological parameters do not seem to independently predict this risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T17:29:38Z","timestamp":1537896578000},"page":"197-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Cardiovascular risk factors in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8474-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannes","family":"Hagstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Ekstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Hammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"St\u00e5l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Huddinge Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Askling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Hultcrantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Karolinska 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Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsha.2013.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i10.1579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0316-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038"}],"container-title":["Liver 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