{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:48:20Z","timestamp":1761896900875,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Health\u2010F3\u20102012\u2010305578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Health\u2010F3\u20102012\u2010305578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007553","name":"Aids Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2008 026","2013 037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008 026","2013 037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite high\u2010risk behaviour, 10%\u201020% of HCV multiple exposed individuals remain uninfected (MEU), whilst the remainder become infected (MEI). We hypothesize that host factors play a role in HCV susceptibility. We aimed to identify polymorphisms in host genes that encode for proteins involved in viral entry: CD81, Scavenger receptor 1 (SR\u20101), Low\u2010density lipoprotein receptor (LDL\u2010R), Claudin\u20101 (CLDN1), Occludin (OCLN) and Niemann\u2010Pick C1\u2013like 1 (NPC1L1).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple exposed infected and MEU from two observational cohorts were selected. From the MSM study of acute infection with HCV (MOSAIC), HIV\u20101 infected MEU cases (n = 30) and HIV\u20101 infected MEI controls (n = 32) were selected based on reported high\u2010risk behaviour. From the Amsterdam Cohorts Studies (ACS) injecting drug users (IDU) cohort, MEU cases (n = 40) and MEI controls (n = 22) were selected who injected drugs for \u22652 years, in the nineties, when HCV incidence was high. Selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by sequencing or SNP assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No associations were found for SNPs within genes coding for CD81, SR\u20101, Claudin\u20101 or Occludin between the MEU and MEI individuals from either cohort. We did observe a significant association for rs688 within the LDL\u2010R gene with HCV infection (OR: 0.41<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.001), however, LDL cholesterol levels did not vary between individuals carrying the differential SNPs. Additionally, a marginal significant effect was found for rs217434 and rs2072183 (OR: 2.07<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.032 and OR: 1.76<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.039, respectively) within NPC1L1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrate that the rs688 SNP within the LDL\u2010R gene associates with HCV susceptibility through mucosal as well as intravenous exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T07:27:35Z","timestamp":1538033255000},"page":"463-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["SNP rs688 within the low\u2010density lipoprotein receptor (LDL\u2010R) gene associates with HCV susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Gaby S.","family":"Steba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie M.","family":"Koekkoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W. T.","family":"Tanck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (CEBB), Amsterdam UMC Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joost W.","family":"Vanhommerig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Public Health Service of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan T. M.","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"Brinkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (CEBB), Amsterdam UMC Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Berkhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Pollakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Infection and Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Molenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janke","family":"Schinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5200-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William A.","family":"Paxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Infection and Global Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the MOSAIC (MSM observational Study of Acute infection with Hepatitis C) Study Group and the ACS (Amsterdam Cohort Studies)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Data and statistics.2015.https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/communicable-diseases\/hepatitis\/data-and-statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i17.2436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-93"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199507000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80005-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"DC\u2010SIGN polymorphisms associate with risk of hepatitis C virus infection among men who have sex with men but not among injecting drug users","volume":"3","author":"Steba GS","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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