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Altered composition and function of gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathobiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a prevalent condition linked to obesity, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. NAFLD may progress to cirrhosis and portal hypertension, which is the result of increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and altered splanchnic circulation. Gut microbiota may contribute to rising portal pressure from the earliest stages of NAFLD, although the significance of these changes remains unclear. NAFLD has been linked to lower microbial diversity and weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defence and inflammation. Moreover, disrupted host\u2010microbial metabolic interplay alters bile acid signalling and the release of vasoregulatory gasotransmitters. These perturbations become prominent in cirrhosis, increasing the risk of clinically significant portal hypertension and leading to bacterial translocation, sepsis and acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver failure. Better understanding of the gut\u2010liver axis and identification of novel microbial molecular targets may yield specific strategies in the prevention and management of portal hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T16:40:35Z","timestamp":1539362435000},"page":"598-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Potential mechanisms linking gut microbiota and portal hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8334-0400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyorgy","family":"Baffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston 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