{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:17:07Z","timestamp":1787015827891,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente 2018 \u2013 105\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente 2018 \u2013 105\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is recommended for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment, but it may induce kidney dysfunction whose management is not yet known. This Italian, multicentre, retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of switching to entecavir (ETV) patients who developed TDF\u2010associated glomerular and\/or tubular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 103 TDF\u2010treated patients were included as follows: age 64\u00a0years, 83% male, 49% cirrhotics, 98% with undetectable HBV DNA, 47% with previous lamivudine resistance (LMV\u2010R) and 71% previously treated with adefovir. Twenty\u2010nine (28%) were switched to ETV because estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR\n                      <jats:sub>MDRD<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was &lt;60\u00a0mL\/min, 37 (36%) because blood phosphate (P) levels were &lt;2.5\u00a0mg\/dL and 37 (36%) for both reasons. Kidney, liver and virological parameters were recorded every 4\u00a0months thereafter.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During 46 (4\u2010115)\u00a0months of ETV treatment, all patients\u2019 renal parameters significantly improved as follows: creatinine from 1.30 to 1.10\u00a0mg\/dL (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), eGFR\n                      <jats:sub>MDRD<\/jats:sub>\n                      from 54 to 65\u00a0mL\/min (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), P from 2.2 to 2.6\u00a0mg\/dL (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and maximal tubule phosphate reabsorption (TmPO4\/eGFR) from 0.47 to 0.62\u00a0mmol\/L (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Thirteen patients (52%) improved their eGFR\n                      <jats:sub>MDRD<\/jats:sub>\n                      class, P levels were normalised in 13 (35%), and eight (22%) showed improvements in both parameters. Viral suppression was maintained in all but five patients (5%), all of whom had been LMV\u2010R. The 5\u2010year cumulative probability of ETV\u2010R was 0% in LMV\u2010na\u00efve patients, and 11% in LMV\u2010R patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.018).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Entecavir is an effective and safe rescue strategy for CHB patients who develop renal dysfunction during long\u2010term TDF treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T07:42:15Z","timestamp":1544168535000},"page":"484-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of switching to entecavir hepatitis B patients developing kidney dysfunction during tenofovir"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Mauro","family":"Vigan\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Epatologia, Ospedale San Giuseppe University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8022-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Loglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC \u201cA. M. e A. Migliavacca\u201d Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Labanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Epatologia, Ospedale San Giuseppe University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Zaltron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Malattie Infettive e Tropicali. Spedali Civili Brescia University of Brescia Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Malattie Infettive e Tropicali. Spedali Civili Brescia University of Brescia Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4794-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Andreone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. Malattie Infettive A.O. S. Anna e S. Sebastiano Caserta Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ganga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C Medicina Interna Ospedale S. Michele A.O. 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