{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:32:54Z","timestamp":1792276374254,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106\u2010003347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106\u2010003347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have been increasingly reported among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Asia\u2010Pacific region. It remains unknown whether international network of HCV transmission has occurred in this region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010positive patients with acute HCV infection, defined as HCV seroconversion within a year or documented acute hepatitis with seroconversion, diagnosed in Hong Kong, Taipei and Tokyo during 2010\u20102016 were included in this molecular epidemiology study. The NS5B region of the HCV genome (365\u00a0bp) was amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction and sequenced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 234 HIV\u2010positive patients with acute HCV infection, all were male with 94% being MSM. At the diagnosis of acute HCV infection, 73.5% had concurrent sexually transmitted diseases and 88.0% were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. The most prevalent HCV genotype was 3a, 2a and 1b in Hong Kong, Taipei and Tokyo respectively. Nine independent clusters belonging to five genotypes (1b, 2a, 2c, 3a and 6a) were identified, each of which occurred in one city without overlapping except for one 3a sequence from Taipei that was closely related genetically to the Hong Kong cluster.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No international network of HCV transmission was identified among HIV\u2013positive patients in the three Asia\u2010Pacific cities. The transmission dynamics of sexually acquired HCV differed by city, but the risk of intercity clustering should not be ignored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,16]],"date-time":"2019-02-16T08:03:18Z","timestamp":1550304198000},"page":"1044-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Molecular epidemiology of acute HCV infection in HIV\u2013positive patients from Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0074-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin\u2010Yun","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine, AIDS Clinical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngai\u2010Sze","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise P\u2010C","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie C\u2010K","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Prevention Programme, Department of Health, Centre for Health Protection Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pi\u2010Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Hsin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7345-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Ching","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine, AIDS Clinical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6009-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sui\u2010Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shui\u2010Shan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3281053a0c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000191281.77954.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282ef3873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"BraunDL HampelBH NguyenH et al.A Treatment as Prevention Trial to Eliminate HCV in HIV\u2013positive MSM: the SWISS HCVREE TRIAL. Abstract number: 81LB. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportinistic Infections. Boston Massachusetts; March 4\u20137.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Salazar\u2010VizcayaL KouyosR MetznerK et al.International versus Domestic HCV Transmission in MSM: a Perspective for the DAA Era. Abstract number: 130. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Boston Massachusetts USA; March 4\u20107.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2015.464"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052518"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"19663","article-title":"More safer sex intervention needed for HIV\u2010positive MSM with higher education level for prevention of sexually transmitted hepatitis C","volume":"17","author":"Lin AW","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06014-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-015-0355-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis772"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.07.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.027"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Prevalence and disease burden of HCV coinfection in HIV cohorts in the Asia Pacific region: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"18","author":"Martinello M","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Department of Health HKS.Viral Hepatitis Preventive Service. Surveillance of Viral Hepatitis in Hong Kong 2010 Update Report.2011.https:\/\/www.info.gov.hk\/hepatitis\/doc\/hepsurv10.pdf. Accessed October 1 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"LiuWC SuLH WuCH et al.Continued increase of recent hepatitis C virus infections among HIV\u2010positive patients in Taiwan. Abstract number: P266. HIV Drug Therapy. Glasgow UK; October 23\u201026.2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","volume-title":"Report on the Assessment of Recently Acquired HIV Infection in Men Having Sex with Men (MSM) in Hong Kong","author":"Lee SS","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.8.30468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"EACS.European AIDS Clinical Society: Guidelines Version 9.0 October 2017.2017.www.eacsociety.org\/guidelines\/eacs-guidelines\/eacs-guidelines.html. Accessed April 4 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","unstructured":"Adolescents PoAGfAa.Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents Living with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services.2018.https:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/contentfiles\/lvguidelines\/adultandadolescentgl.pdf. Accessed April 5 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"SmartA GeboyA BaschP et al.Identification of Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Testing in Non\u2010birth Cohort Patients. Abstract number: 517. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle Washington; February 13\u2010162017."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831940a3"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fliv.14073","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14073","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.14073","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T08:18:19Z","timestamp":1694333899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.14073"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zobair","family":"Younossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.14073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}