{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:58:48Z","timestamp":1783130328269,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 1845, George Budd published a brief report regarding three patients who developed an obstruction of the hepatic veins. The condition has never been reported before, and was related to sepsis and alcoholism. Fifty\u2010three years later, Hans Chiari postulated that syphilis was causing the obstruction of the hepatic veins, and enriched the debate with clinical and pathological correlations. Following the hypothesis on the \u2018<jats:italic>phlebitis obliterans<\/jats:italic>\u2019, several authors proposed other pathophysiological explanations including congenital causes, chronic trauma and exogenous toxins. RG Parker, in 1959, first recognized the relationship between obstruction of hepatic veins and thrombophilic conditions such as polycythaemia vera, pregnancy and hormonal therapy. Based on that, anticoagulant treatment was attempted, but with unsatisfactory outcome. We need to wait until the mid 1980s to see a widespread adoption of anticoagulants, with a consequent improvement of patients' survival. The fear of haemorrhagic events in patients with liver disease discouraged this therapeutic approach, and other surgical interventions (mainly port\u2010systemic shunts) were conceived, but with high morbidity and mortality. The first liver transplantation in 1976 and the first trans\u2010jugular intra\u2010hepatic porto\u2010systemic shunt in 1993 represented two major cornerstones in the management of Budd\u2010Chiari syndrome (BCS). Such progresses allowed modifying the treatment of BCS until the modern concept of stepwise therapy. The present review thoroughly reviews the major landmarks in the discovery, treatment and clinical management of patients with BCS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T04:51:11Z","timestamp":1551934271000},"page":"1180-1185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Milestones in the discovery of Budd\u2010Chiari syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6734-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Zanetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology Padua University Hospital Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Pellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology Padua University Hospital Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7261-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Senzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology Padua University Hospital Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"146","volume-title":"On Diseases of the Liver","author":"Budd G","year":"1845"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Ueber die selbststandige Phlebitis obliterans der Hauptstamme der Venae hepaticae als Todesursache","volume":"26","author":"Chiari H","year":"1899","journal-title":"Beitr Path Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-195912000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Ueber ein en Fall von abnormen Verlauf der Lebervenen in Verdindung mit Cirrhose und Carcinoma der Leber und consecutiver carcinomatoser Infiltration des Peritoneums","volume":"1","author":"Rosenblatt OG","year":"1867","journal-title":"Jahresb u. d. 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