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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and with B\u2010cell non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (B\u2010NHL). Other malignancies have been reported to be associated with HCV infection albeit with various grades of evidence. Antineoplastic treatment is often reduced or suspended in HCV\u2010positive cancer patients to avoid \u201cHCV reactivation.\u201d In this setting, antiviral therapy combined with antineoplastic protocols may improve the outcome. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and a meta\u2010analysis to update the association between HCV infection and non\u2010hepatocellular malignancies, and to shed light on the effects exerted by antiviral treatment on the natural history of oncological diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relevant studies were identified by searching PUBMED, EMBASE and MEDLINE up to 1 August 2018. Pooled risk estimates were calculated with random\u2010effects models according to PRISMA guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 58 studies were included in the analysis: 27 studies of the association between HCV and B\u2010NHL(OR 3.36; 95% CI 2.40\u20104.72;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001);13 studies of the association between sustained virological response and progression\u2010free survival (PFS) in B\u2010NHL patients(OR 9.34; 95% CI 4.90\u201017.79; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001); 13 studies of the association between HCV and intrahepatic\u2010cholangio\u2010carcinoma (OR 3.95;95% CI 2.25\u20106.94; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001); and 5 studies of the association between HCV infection and pancreatic adeno\u2010carcinoma(OR 1.60; 95% CI:1.25\u20102.04; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.0002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study updates the strong association between B\u2010NHL and HCV infection, confirms the association between HCV and non\u2010hepatocellular tumours, and demonstrates a very strong association between viral eradication and a better outcome of HCV\u2010positive B\u2010NHL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T08:43:41Z","timestamp":1555317821000},"page":"1292-1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Hepatitis C virus infection and non\u2010hepatocellular malignancies in the DAA era: A systematic review and 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