{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T02:39:12Z","timestamp":1780627152866,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current estimates of the population\u2010based disease burden of liver failure or end\u2010stage liver disease (ESLD) are lacking. We investigated recent trends in hospitalizations and in\u2010hospital mortality among patients with ESLD in the United States (US).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2014. We defined ESLD as either decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), criteria obtained from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Nationwide rates of hospitalization and in\u2010hospital mortality were analysed from 2005 to 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospitalization rates for decompensated cirrhosis during this period increased from 105.3\/100\u00a0000 persons to 159.9\/100\u00a0000 persons. In terms of HCC, hospitalization rates increased from 13.6\/100\u00a0000 to 22.1\/100\u00a0000. In patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)\u2010related decompensated cirrhosis, the hospitalization rate increased from 13.4\/100\u00a0000 to 32.1\/100\u00a0000 with an annual incremental increase of 10.6%, a magnitude twofold higher than other aetiologies. The proportion of NAFLD among hospitalizations with ESLD steadily increased from 12.7% to 20.1% for decompensated cirrhosis while the proportion of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) declined (from 29.3% to 27.6% for HCV; from 39.0% to 37.4% for ALD). Although the overall in\u2010hospital mortality rates for ESLD declined during the study, mortality rates for NAFLD\u2010related decompensated cirrhosis showed no significant change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among aetiologies of chronic liver disease, NAFLD demonstrated the fastest growing rate of hospitalizations in non\u2010HCC patients with ESLD in the US. Our study highlights the need for a focus on NAFLD\u2010related hospitalizations and its impact on resource utilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T13:31:47Z","timestamp":1557754307000},"page":"1661-1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Trends in hospitalizations for chronic liver disease\u2010related liver failure in the United States, 2005\u20102014"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Cholankeril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1295-8115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Tighe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California San Francisco \u2013 UCSF Health San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Y.","family":"Kwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9313-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zobair M.","family":"Younossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases Inova Fairfax Hospital Falls Church Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3609-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aijaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1113-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0145-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2007.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Project HCaU.National Inpatient Sample. 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