{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:17:36Z","timestamp":1790378256407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent approval of direct acting anti\u2010virals (DAA) has dramatically changed the landscape of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy. Whether viral clearance could promote liver carcinogenesis is debated. It has been hypothesized that changes in intrahepatic immune surveillance following viral cure could favour tumour growth.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study aimed at characterizing the intrahepatic immune changes induced by HCV cure following DAA therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with compensated cirrhosis who underwent surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sustained virological response (SVR) to DAA therapy were included. A control group of untreated HCV\u2010infected patients with compensated cirrhosis was selected. RNA was extracted from tumoral and non\u2010tumoral tissues and analysed using the Nanostring Immuno\u2010Oncology\u2010360 panel. Immune cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients were included: 10 patients with a DAA\u2010induced SVR and 10 untreated controls. All of them had a de novo BCLC 0\/A HCC. Non\u2010tumoral tissue profiling showed down\u2010regulation of interferon\u2010related genes (including <jats:italic>MX1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ISG15<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IFIT1<\/jats:italic>) after DAA therapy. No other differences in immune profiles\/immune cell densities were identified between the two groups. The intra\u2010tumoral immune profiles of HCCs that occurred after DAA therapy were not qualitatively or quantitatively different from those of tumours occurring in untreated patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, removal of HCV infection after DAA\u2010based therapy results only in a down\u2010regulation of interferon\u2010stimulated genes in non\u2010tumoral tissues from patients with cirrhosis who develop HCC. These minor changes in the liver immune microenvironment are unlikely to favour HCC occurrence or recurrence after DAA\u2010induced SVR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T12:53:57Z","timestamp":1566651237000},"page":"74-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Intrahepatic immune changes after hepatitis c virus eradication by direct\u2010acting antiviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Amaddeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U955 Team 18 Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale Cr\u00e9teil France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Est Cr\u00e9teil Cr\u00e9teil France"},{"name":"APHP Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor Service d'H\u00e9patologie Cr\u00e9teil 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