{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:00:32Z","timestamp":1786442432821,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patatin\u2010like phospholipase domain\u2010containing protein 3 (<jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>) rs738409 polymorphism is associated with NAFLD severity and the <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> gene is expressed in the kidneys, but whether <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> rs738409 polymorphism is also associated with renal tubular injury (RTI) is uncertain. We assessed the effect of <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> genotypes on biomarkers of RTI and glomerular function in subjects with NAFLD who had either normal (nALT) or abnormal (abnALT) alanine aminotransaminase levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and seventeen patients with histologically proven NAFLD of which 75 had persistently nALT (below upper limit of normal for 3\u00a0months) were included. Multivariable regression analyses were undertaken to test associations between <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> genotype and biomarkers of kidney dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nALT patient group had higher urinary neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin levels (u\u2010NGAL, a biomarker of RTI) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), higher albuminuria (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.039) and greater prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.046) than the abnALT group. The association between <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> GG genotype and risk of CKD and abnormal albuminuria remained significant after adjustment for kidney risk factors and severity of NAFLD histology, mostly in the nALT group. Similarly, <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> GG genotype was associated with higher u\u2010NGAL levels in the nALT group, even after adjustment for the aforementioned risk factors and glomerular filtration\u2010based markers (\u03b2\u2010coefficient: 22.29, 95% CI: 0.99\u201043.60, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.041).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with NAFLD and persistently nALT, who carry the <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> rs738409 G allele, are at higher risk of early glomerular and tubular damage. We suggest <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> genotyping may help identify patients with NAFLD at higher risk of RTI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T22:23:32Z","timestamp":1568413412000},"page":"107-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["<i>PNPLA3<\/i> rs738409 is associated with renal glomerular and tubular injury in NAFLD patients with persistently normal ALT levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Dan\u2010Qin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Wuxi China"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Shanghai 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