{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:37:32Z","timestamp":1792543052288,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research","award":["SIR RBSI14LOVD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIR RBSI14LOVD"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["PE-2016-754\u00a002363915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-2016-754\u00a002363915"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["GR-2018-12367794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2018-12367794"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), macrophages are involved in liver inflammation and fibrosis. The macrophage activation markers, soluble (s)CD163 and mannose receptor (sMR) are associated with liver disease severity and prognosis in other chronic liver diseases. We aimed to investigate sCD163 and sMR in patients with PBC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated PBC patients from the <jats:italic>Italian PBC Study Group<\/jats:italic> cohort and measured macrophage activation markers in serum at study enrolment. Patients were followed from enrolment until they experienced an event or were censored at their last visit. Events were defined as follows: (a) death from a liver\u2010related cause; or (b) liver transplantation (LT) for PBC. We used Cox regression to investigate the association between sCD163 and sMR and long\u2010term prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 202 PBC patients were included. Median age was 62\u00a0years (interquartile range (IQR), 53\u201071) at enrolment and 93% were women. Median sCD163 was 3.43\u00a0mg\/L (IQR 2.48\u20105.35) and median sMR was 0.35\u00a0mg\/L (IQR 0.28\u20100.45). There was an increase in sCD163 and sMR with increasing alkaline phosphatase. Two hundred and one patients were followed for a median of 8.6\u00a0years, and sCD163 and sMR predicted long\u2010term risk of liver\u2010related death or LT in univariate analyses, while sCD163 was also associated with outcome after confounder adjusting (adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a01.14, 95% CI 1.00\u20101.30). Finally, we showed an increase in the prediction accuracy of poor outcome by adding sCD163 to the UK\u2010PBC risk score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The macrophage activation markers sCD163 and sMR represent a non\u2010invasive measure of PBC disease severity that provides useful long\u2010term prognostic information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,12]],"date-time":"2020-04-12T20:55:42Z","timestamp":1586724942000},"page":"1408-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Soluble CD163 and mannose receptor as markers of liver disease severity and prognosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Bossen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan Bicocca Milan Italy"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Rebora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan Bicocca Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bernuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan Bicocca Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6641-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Gerussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan Bicocca Milan Italy"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Andreone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) Policlinico San Orsola \u2013 Universitaria di Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Terziroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epatocentro Lugano Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Alvaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology University of Rome La Sapienza Rome Italy"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) Sapenzia University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Labbadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine University of Rome La Sapienza Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Aloise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan Bicocca Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Baiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatology University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology University of Genova Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovico","family":"Abenavoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology University of Catanzaro Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2566-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Toniutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatology University of Udine Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8629-0878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epatocentro Lugano Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6014-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Marzioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology University of Ancona Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Niro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza S. Giovanni Rotondo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annarosa","family":"Floreani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology University of Padova Padova Italy"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) Azienda Ospedaliera \u2013 Universitaria di Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger J.","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Valsecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan Bicocca Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan Bicocca Milan Italy"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Invernizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milan Bicocca Milan Italy"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE\u2010LIVER) San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00154-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1383731"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2016.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23783"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020712-164014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.64.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(86)90049-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2011.626868"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35051594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.234542"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30677"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30163-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655102760145852"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1481996"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fliv.14466","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14466","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.14466","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14466","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T06:58:13Z","timestamp":1694415493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.14466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.14466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14466","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}