{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:03:22Z","timestamp":1791921802950,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In medicine, language matters and the words used to name and describe a disease can have a profound impact on patients and their families. Over the last two decades, many criticisms have been voiced about the nomenclature and definition of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in regards not only to the prominent role that alcohol plays in the definition but also on the negative impacts of the nomenclature including trivialization, stigmatization and less consideration of the disease in health policy. Recently, a consensus of international experts proposed that the disease acronym be changed from NAFLD to metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease or \u2018MAFLD\u2019. This change goes far beyond a mere semantic revision and may be the first step that catalyses the process to better conceptualize the disease for health promotion, patient orientation, case identification, ongoing clinical trials and for health services delivery. Here we review the history of, and definitions of MAFLD in the context of advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. We also address the reasons, signals, promises, challenges and the way going forward from the name change from various stakeholder perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T08:21:35Z","timestamp":1587111695000},"page":"1254-1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":252,"title":["What's in a name? Renaming \u2018NAFLD\u2019 to \u2018MAFLD\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7989-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasser","family":"Fouad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine Faculty of Medicine Minia University Hospitals Minya Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imam","family":"Waked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Department National Liver Institute Menoufia University Shebeen El Kom Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Bollipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy John Hunter Hospital Newcastle NSW Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University Fayoum Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Ajlouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Departement King Hussein Medical Center Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8374-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Faculty of Medicine Beni\u2010Suef University Beni\u2010suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Illness as metaphor","author":"Sontag S","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30001-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"WHO urges more care in naming diseases","author":"Gladstonemay R","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32429-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000598"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30376-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30342-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.012"},{"issue":"54","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"2101","article-title":"Prognosis of patients with a diagnosis of fatty liver \u2013 a registry\u2010based cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Jepsen P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200304000-00015"},{"issue":"476","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"Observations on fatty degeneration of the liver","volume":"1","author":"Addison T","year":"1836","journal-title":"Guys Hosp Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"RokitanskyC.Skizze der Gr\u00f6\u00dfen und Formabweichungen der Leber. Bruchst\u00fcck Med Jahrb des kaisl k\u00f6nigl \u00d6sterr Staates.Wien Austria:Carl Gerold;1839."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"1885 Lea Brothers & Co Philadelphia PA P. B. diseases of the liver W Pepper L Starr A System of Practical Medicine 1050"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Fatty infiltration of the liver and the development of cirrhosis in diabetes and chronic alcoholism","volume":"14","author":"Connor CL","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"293","volume-title":"MacSween\u2019s Pathology of the Liver","author":"Brunt EM","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","article-title":"Steatohepatitis in obese children: a cause of chronic liver dysfunction","volume":"78","author":"Moran JR","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2014.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0212-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000084728"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13857"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802555991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12230"},{"issue":"10153","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"1116","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (vol 392, pg 1015, 2018)","volume":"392","author":"Meltzer\u2010Brody S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-016-0485-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13540"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31734-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-011-9447-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510380242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930\/a000148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30146-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.05.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32963-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33041-7"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Renaming the term \u2018Schizophrenia\u2019 in Korea","volume":"11","author":"Park J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J Schizophr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30268-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2019.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","volume-title":"Getting the politics right for the September 2011 UN high\u2010level meeting on noncommunicable diseases","author":"Sridhar D","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30211-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30218-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30219-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201810001-00837"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","unstructured":"Awareness of Fatty Liver Disease Remains Low Among Most At\u2010Risk Patients.https:\/\/wwwbusinesswirecom\/news\/home\/20190502005639\/en\/. Accessed January 24 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","unstructured":"media NQAloaim.https:\/\/wwwthe\u2010nash\u2010education\u2010programcom\/portfolio\/nash\u2010lack\u2010of\u2010awareness\u2010in\u2010mass\u2010media\/. Accessed January 25 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-018-0856-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1103-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2942-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/IL.18.3.e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2009.00155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X15611581"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","first-page":"434","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease","volume":"55","author":"Ludwig J","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fliv.14478","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14478","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.14478","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T02:59:58Z","timestamp":1694401198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.14478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.14478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14478","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}