{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:05:17Z","timestamp":1767845117321,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTA6280004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTA6280004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A rapidly emerging and highly concentrated hepatitis C virus (HCV) outbreak has recently been observed among both acute and chronic HIV\u2010positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bangkok, Thailand. NS5B regions of the HCV genome were amplified using nested PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic inference was constructed by Maximum Likelihood methods and clusters were identified with support and genetic distance thresholds of 85% and of 4.5%. Forty\u2010eight (25 acute HIV and 23 chronic HIV) MSM with incident HCV infection were included in the analysis. HCV genotype (GT) was 85% GT 1a and 15% GT 3a or 3b. Median age at HCV diagnosis was 34 (interquartile range, 28\u201041)\u00a0years. 83.3% (40\/48) had history of syphilis infection and 36% (16\/44) reported crystal methamphetamine use. Only 2 (4%) reported ever injecting drugs, both crystal methamphetamine. In the phylogenetic clustering analysis, 83% belonged to one of two clusters: one large (75%) and one small (8%) cluster. All clusters were GT 1a. MSM with acute HIV infection were more likely to be in a cluster (92%) than those with chronic infection (74%). HCV screening should be regularly performed for MSM in ART clinics, and offering direct\u2010acting antiviral agents to all MSM with HCV infection might contain the HCV epidemic from expanding further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T19:18:51Z","timestamp":1592939931000},"page":"2104-2109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Large transmission cluster of acute hepatitis C identified among HIV\u2010positive men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3731-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Win M.","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\u2010NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donn J.","family":"Colby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEARCH Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apichaya","family":"Khlaiphuengsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanakorn","family":"Apornpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\u2010NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\u2010NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Biostatistics Excellence Centre Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasiwimol","family":"Ubolyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\u2010NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eug\u00e8ne","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEARCH Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nittaya","family":"Phanuphak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PREVENTION Unit Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Vasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail V.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anchalee","family":"Avihingsanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\u2010NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine  Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiat","family":"Ruxrungtham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\u2010NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Chula Vaccine Research Center (CVRC), Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praphan","family":"Phanuphak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\u2010NAT Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"SEARCH Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"PREVENTION Unit Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2926-8671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pisit","family":"Tangkijvanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"28","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"945","article-title":"Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among HIV\u2010infected men who have sex with men \u2013 New York City, 2005\u20102010","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06014-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004869"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"HanWM ApornpongT KerrSJ et al.Surge in hepatitis C incidence associated with syphilis infection among Thai MSM. 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