{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T21:41:35Z","timestamp":1778190095838,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS \u2010 PI18\/01304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS \u2010 PI18\/01304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality among non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. The aim was to explore the level of knowledge and clinical management of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in NAFLD patients by Digestive Disease specialists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An anonymous web\u2010based survey was designed with 44 close\u2010ended questions, divided into five sections, that were based on current guidelines on CVD prevention. Between November 2019 and January 2020, Digestive Disease specialists from Spanish hospitals were invited to participate in this survey via email and Twitter. Student's <jats:italic>t,<\/jats:italic> chi\u2010square and Fishers' exact tests, and logistic regression were used for data analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>208 clinicians completed the survey. Most respondents (83.2%) believe that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for CVD, especially in the presence of NASH and fibrosis. Personal history of CVDs and cardiovascular risk\u2010related comorbidities are collected by more than 75% of respondents. However, less than 17% perform an elementary physical examination to address the CVR, except weight which is evaluated by 69.8%. Over 54% of respondents do not perform or request any supplementary tests for CVR assessment, and only 10.2% use specific calculators. Furthermore, 54.3% spend less than 5\u00a0minutes giving lifestyle advice, and more than 52% do not start drug treatment after a recent diagnosis of any cardiovascular comorbidity. Only 25.6% have a multidisciplinary Unit for metabolic comorbidities in their hospitals, although 89% of the respondents would support the implementation of this Unit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular risk management in daily clinical practice by Digestive Disease specialists in Spain remains suboptimal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T23:03:45Z","timestamp":1612393425000},"page":"1243-1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["National digestive disease specialists survey on cardiovascular risk management in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in spanish hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9476-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Iruzubieta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group IDIVAL Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Arias\u2010Loste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group IDIVAL Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5255-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"Fortea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group IDIVAL Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1363-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cuadrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group IDIVAL Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coral","family":"Rivas\u2010Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group IDIVAL Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group IDIVAL Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Ibarbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid and Vascular Risk Unit Department of Internal Medicine Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital IDIVAL University of Cantabria Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipid and Vascular Risk Unit Department of Internal Medicine Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital IDIVAL University of Cantabria Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group IDIVAL Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1313-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14856"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05986-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.518623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-313884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2017.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"e596","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","author":"Arnett DK","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","volume-title":"Liver Research and Clinical Management","author":"Iruzubieta P"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1825142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i6.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","volume-title":"How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking\u2010Attributable Disease","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.06.003"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14807","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.14807","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T11:52:36Z","timestamp":1749469956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.14807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.14807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14807","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}