{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:28:00Z","timestamp":1791822480610,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The advance in treatment against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with the development of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) with high genetic barrier to resistance, including entecavir and tenofovir, has improved clinical outcomes of patients transplanted for HBV infection, by preventing HBV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) effectively. Currently, after LT, the combination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and a high\u2010barrier NA is considered as the standard of care for prophylaxis against HBV recurrence. However, because of the high cost of intravenous high\u2010dose HBIG, other routes of HBIG administration, such as intramuscular or subcutaneous, have come to the foreground. In addition, several transplant centres tend to use a NA as monoprophylaxis, following a short post\u2010LT period of HBIG and NA combination. Lately, studies using HBIG\u2010free prophylactic regimens with entecavir or tenofovir have shown promising outcomes in preventing HBV recurrence, mostly regarding patients with undetectable HBV DNA at the time of LT. Although vaccination against HBV has been an attractive prophylactic approach, its efficacy has been controversial. Moreover, further studies are needed regarding long\u2010term outcomes of complete withdrawal anti\u2010HBV prophylaxis. For patients transplanted for HBV\/HDV co\u2010infection, combined regimen should be administered for a longer period post\u2010LT. Finally, the use of grafts from hepatitis B core antibody\u2010positive donors is safe for HBV\u2010negative recipients, with the administration of lifelong antiviral prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T16:44:31Z","timestamp":1614789871000},"page":"1448-1461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Antiviral prophylaxis against hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation: Current concepts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0434-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afroditi","family":"Orfanidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Gastroenterology Laiko General Hospital Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3518-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George V.","family":"Papatheodoridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Gastroenterology Laiko General Hospital Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3645-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Cholongitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine Laiko General Hospital Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30579-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70264-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312163292503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.00063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.27120v2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12370"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19789"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"2387","article-title":"Immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B virus reinfection in recipients of human liver allografts","volume":"19","author":"Lauchart W","year":"1987","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"4051","article-title":"Long\u2010term immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B virus reinfection in recipients of human liver allografts","volume":"19","author":"Lauchart W","year":"1987","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90869-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92515-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199605150-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i39.14142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2016-100768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.09.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.905898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14701\/ahbps.2019.23.2.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2011.01222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cer.15.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2017.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"677","article-title":"Compliance and tolerability of subcutaneous hepatitis B immunoglobulin self\u2010administration in liver transplant patients: a prospective, observational, multicenter study","volume":"18","author":"Klein CG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01349-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31656-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.910176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00470.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i48.9189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23690"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/839014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13740"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"709A","article-title":"Tenofovir alafenamide for hepatitis B virus prophylaxis post\u2010liver transplantation: a real\u2010world study in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"70","author":"Sinakos E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)31276-5","article-title":"Evaluation of renal and bone safety in post liver transplant patients with chronic kidney disease receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide for HBV prophylaxis","volume":"68","author":"Gane E","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.01.006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"1019","article-title":"The efficiency of low\u2010dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin plus nucleos(t)ide analogs in preventing posttransplant hepatitis B virus recurrence","volume":"49","author":"Vatansever S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i2.584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2013.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2019.34.e251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0761-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2015.1025045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-10011-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12860"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0313-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12586"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0763-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Predictive factors for successful vaccination against hepatitis B surface antigen in patients who have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"73","author":"Ikeda A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/764234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23935"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","first-page":"811","article-title":"Immunization with an adjuvant hepatitis B vaccine after liver transplantation for hepatitis B\u2010related disease","volume":"38","author":"Bienzle U","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)31633-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(16)60087-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1323628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000264001.69308.be"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2016.02.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0823-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31550-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i35.8010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.05.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.2012.0095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i12.2095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199407000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.09.016"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Liver transplantation of hepatitis B surface antigen positive donors to hepatitis B core antibody recipients: analysis of 27 patients","volume":"60","author":"Krishnamoorthi R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13081"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14860","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.14860","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.14860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T17:37:47Z","timestamp":1693417067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.14860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.14860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14860","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}