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In these countries, HEV genotypes 1 and 2 cause large outbreaks and affect young subjects resulting in significant mortality in pregnant women and patients with cirrhosis. In developed countries, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are responsible for autochthonous, sporadic hepatitis and transmission is zoonotic. Parenteral transmission by the transfusion of blood products has been identified as a potential new mode of transmission. HEV can also cause neurological disorders and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. The progression of acute hepatitis E is usually asymptomatic and resolves spontaneously. Diagnosis is based on both anti\u2010HEV IgM antibodies in serum and viral RNA detection in blood or stools by PCR in immunocompetent patients, while only PCR is validated in immunocompromised individuals. Ribavirin is the only validated treatment in chronic infection. A vaccine has been developed in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T21:41:38Z","timestamp":1620769298000},"page":"68-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hepatitis E, what is the real issue?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Larrue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019h\u00e9patologie H\u00f4pital Rangueil CHU Toulouse Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier III Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Abravanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie H\u00f4pital Purpan CHU Toulouse Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier III Toulouse 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