{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:30:06Z","timestamp":1790371806279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["158989968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["158989968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008349","name":"Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, suppressed functionality of natural killer (NK) cells might contribute to HBV persistence but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. A peculiar feature of HBV is the secretion of large amount of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, the effect of HBsAg quantities on NK cells is unclear. The aim was to determine the effects of HBsAg quantities on NK cell functionality in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty CHB patients were included and categorized into four groups based on their HBsAg levels. As a control, 30 healthy donors were enrolled. NK cell frequency, phenotype and function were assessed using flow cytometry and correlated with HBsAg levels and liver enzymes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to the healthy controls, a reshaping of NK cell pool towards more CD56\n                      <jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\n                      NK cells was observed during CHB infection. Importantly, NK cells in patients with low HBsAg levels (&lt;100\u00a0IU\/mL) displayed an activated phenotype with increased expression of activation makers CD38, granzyme B and proliferation marker Ki\u201067 while presenting with defective functional responses (MIP\u20101\u03b2, CD107a) at the same time. Furthermore, NK cell activation was negatively correlated with patient HBsAg levels while NK function correlated with patient age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The differential regulation of NK cell phenotype and function suggests that activation of NK cells in patients with low serum HBsAg levels may contribute to HBV clearance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T13:27:03Z","timestamp":1617283623000},"page":"2046-2058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The impact of hepatitis B surface antigen on natural killer cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanqin","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olympia E.","family":"Anastasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, Essen University Hospital University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Strunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Scheuten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9666-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Center for Individualized Infection Medicine (CIIM) Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Kleinsimglinhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Todt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Virology Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany"},{"name":"European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC) Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Broering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen 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