{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:53:56Z","timestamp":1790610836053,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32DK124941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32DK124941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AG048337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AG048337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI144954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI144954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK026743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK026743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG059183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG059183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cirrhosis leads to malnutrition and muscle wasting that manifests as frailty, which may be influenced by cirrhosis aetiology. We aimed to characterize the relationship between frailty and cirrhosis aetiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Included were adults with cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation (LT) at 10 US centrer who underwent <jats:styled-content>ambulatory<\/jats:styled-content> testing with the Liver Frailty Index (LFI; \u2018frail\u2019\u00a0=\u00a0LFI \u2265 4.4). We used logistic regression to associate aetiologies and frailty, and competing risk regression (LT as the competing risk) to determine associations with waitlist mortality (death\/delisting for sickness).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1,623 patients, rates of frailty differed by aetiology: 22% in chronic hepatitis C, 31% in alcohol\u2010associated liver disease (ALD), 32% in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 21% in autoimmune\/cholestatic and 31% in \u2018other\u2019 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). In univariable logistic regression, ALD (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12\u20102.09), NAFLD (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.18\u20102.29) and \u2018other\u2019 (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.06\u20102.36) were associated with frailty. In multivariable logistic regression, only ALD (OR 1.40; 95% 1.01\u20101.94) and \u2018other\u2019 (OR 1.59; 95% 1.05\u20102.40) remained associated with frailty. A total of 281 (17%) patients died\/were delisted for sickness. In multivariable competing risk regression, LFI was associated with waitlist mortality (sHR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03\u20101.06), but aetiology was not (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05 for each). No interaction between frailty and aetiology on the association with waitlist mortality was found (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05 for each interaction term).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frailty is more common in patients with ALD, NAFLD and \u2018other\u2019 aetiologies. However, frailty was associated with waitlist mortality <jats:italic>independent of<\/jats:italic> cirrhosis aetiology, supporting the applicability of frailty across all cirrhosis aetiologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T07:35:27Z","timestamp":1625470527000},"page":"2467-2473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The relationship between frailty and cirrhosis etiology: From the Functional Assessment in Liver Transplantation (FrAILT) Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6849-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea Q.","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California\u2010San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8969-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yara","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California\u2010San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3365-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Kappus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Boyarsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Ganger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Northwestern Medicine Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, and Transplantation Institute Loma Linda University Health Loma Linda CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute Baylor University Medical Center Baylor Scott and White Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Duarte\u2010Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver Diseases Thomas A. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"McAdams\u2010DeMarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorry L.","family":"Segev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela P.","family":"Ladner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplantation Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Comprehensive Transplant Center Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Verna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Grab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of California\u2010San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9954-8548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Tincopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver Diseases Thomas A. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California\u2010San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05891-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894\u2010016\u20100539\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.029"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.15006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.15006","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.15006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T04:10:38Z","timestamp":1692850238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.15006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.15006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15006","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}