{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:27:21Z","timestamp":1773016041342,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K09437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K09437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic precipitated lifestyle changes. We aimed to clarify whether COVID\u201019\u2013induced lifestyle changes affected the development of metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective longitudinal study included 973 participants who underwent health check\u2010ups between 2018 and 2020. We used data from the MedCity21 health examination registry. Participants' clinical characteristics and lifestyle habits were investigated. Independent lifestyle predictors of MAFLD development before the pandemic (2018\u20102019) and during the pandemic (2019\u20102020) were identified using logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2018, 261 (27%) patients were diagnosed with MAFLD. Before the pandemic, 22 patients developed new MAFLD. During this time, routine late\u2010night meals were identified as an independent lifestyle predictor of MAFLD development (hazard ratio [HR] 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02\u20106.36, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.046). In contrast, 44 patients developed new MAFLD during the pandemic. During this time, higher daily alcohol intake was identified as an independent lifestyle predictor of MAFLD development (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01\u20101.05, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008). In participants aged &lt;60\u00a0years, daily alcohol intake and the proportion of participants who ate 2 times\/day were significantly higher in patients who developed MAFLD during the pandemic than in those who did not. In participants aged \u226560\u00a0years, no lifestyle habits were associated with MAFLD development before or during the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>New MAFLD diagnoses increased during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Changes in lifestyle factors, particularly in those aged &lt;60\u00a0years, must be monitored and addressed as the pandemic continues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T17:39:45Z","timestamp":1641577185000},"page":"995-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Lifestyle changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic impact metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1267-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naotoshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akemi","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Nadatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukie","family":"Tauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuuko","family":"Nishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Premier Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norifumi","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"The Ministry of Health.https:\/\/wwwmhlwgojp\/stf\/covid\u201019\/kokunainohasseijoukyouhtml. 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