{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:11:59Z","timestamp":1777356719749,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The introduction of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulins (HBIg) prophylaxis at and after liver transplantation (LT) facilitated excellent long\u2010term survival of transplant patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Several studies suggested that only short\u2010term (i.e. 4\u20138\u2009weeks) HBIg prophylaxis after LT followed by the long\u2010term administration of HBV polymerase inhibitors prevents HBV recurrence. In hepatitis D virus (HDV)\/HBV co\u2010infected patients, the need for long\u2010term HBIg prophylaxis on top of HBV polymerase inhibitors is unknown. HDV requires HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) for uptake into hepatocytes to subsequently establish HDV replication. Data on HDV recurrence and its impact on outcomes after LT are limited. In this review, we evaluated the available data on post\u2010LT recurrence of HBV and\/or HDV. Overall, HBIg prophylaxis was effective, but 10\u201313% of patients became HBsAg positive after LT. Only a single study from Turkey reported HDV recurrence, which was not observed in other LT centres. Since all studies administered continuous HBIg prophylaxis, the post\u2010LT recurrence rates without HBIg prophylaxis remain unknown. In a German study, the clinical course and histopathological aspects of liver injury (inflammation, fibrosis and steatosis) were similar in post\u2010LT patients on continuous HBIg and those who stopped HBIg after a median of 72\u2009months. Discontinuation of HBIg in stable patients after LT for HBV\/HDV co\u2010infection did not lead to impaired overall survival or a higher recurrence rate in this long\u2010term follow\u2010up. In summary, discontinuation of HBIg after liver transplantation for HBV\/HDV liver disease seems safe, but randomized controlled studies are needed before it can be generally recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T16:03:50Z","timestamp":1656518630000},"page":"96-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Transplantation of hepatitis D virus patients: Lifelong hepatitis B immunoglobulins?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2306-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Ferenci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4590-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Reiberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5508-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Stadlbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medial University of Graz, Austria; Center of Biomarker research in Medicine (CBmed)  Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1794-422X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinz","family":"Zoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I and Christian Doppler Laboratory on Iron and Phosphate Biology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"14","author":"O'Grady JG","year":"1992","journal-title":"Serological and Clinical Implications J Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92515-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02770.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.17.s4.16.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2016.02.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000360944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v13.i3.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UrbanS Neumann\u2010HaefelinC Lampertico P.Hepatitis D virus in 2021: virology immunology and new treatment approaches for a difficult\u2010to\u2010treat disease. 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