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Several smaller trials and case series were reported thereafter. During the mid 2000s the use of pegylated interferons for hepatitis D was established. Since then, additional trials were performed in different countries exploring strategies to personalize treatment including extended treatment durations. The overall findings were that about one\u2010quarter to one\u2010third of patients benefit from interferon treatment with persistent suppression of HDV replication. However, only few patients achieve also functional cure of hepatitis B with HBsAg loss. Importantly, several studies indicate that successful interferon treatment is associated with improved clinical long\u2010term outcomes. Still, only a proportion of patients with hepatitis D can be treated with interferons. Even though alternative treatments are currently developed, it is likely that pegylated interferon\u2010alfa will still have an important role in the management of hepatitis D \u2013 either alone or in combination. Therefore, better biomarkers are needed to select patients with a high likelihood to benefit from interferon\u2010based treatments. In this review we are discussing basic principles of mode of action of interferon alpha against HDV, summarize previous data on interferon treatment of hepatitis D and give an outlook on potential combinations with novel drugs currently in development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T02:18:47Z","timestamp":1661393927000},"page":"69-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Interferon\u2010based treatment of chronic hepatitis D"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Sandmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Excellence Cluster Resist Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research Partner Site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig 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