{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:54:22Z","timestamp":1792112062106,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microgravity as experienced during spaceflight affects a number of physiological processes in various organs. However, effects on the liver have yet been\u00a0poorly documented. Nevertheless, the liver is a metabolically highly active organ involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and xenobiotic biotransformation. The present paper provides an overview of the effects of microgravity on the liver observed in experimental animals during actual spaceflight and upon simulation of microgravity on Earth. These include (i) induction of liver injury and inflammation associated with apoptosis and oxidative stress, (ii) changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism resulting in the onset of a diabetogenic phenotype, (iii) modifications in hepatic lipid metabolism leading to early non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and (iv) alterations of the hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation machinery. Although most of these observations remain to be fully validated in humans, appropriate measures to counteract liver pathogenesis should be considered, especially in view of long\u2010term space missions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T13:53:46Z","timestamp":1664718826000},"page":"2599-2606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Hepatology in space: Effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on the liver"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Vinken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels 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