{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:21:31Z","timestamp":1790778091638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is little epidemiological evidence linking the exposure of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) to liver function or liver injury in the general population. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999\u20132012 to investigate the relationship of urinary OPs with biomarkers of liver function\/liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The exposures were the concentrations of urinary OP metabolites (dimethyl phosphate [DMP], dimethyl thiophosphate [DMTP], diethyl phosphate [DEP] and diethyl thiophosphate [DETP]). The health outcomes were biomarkers of liver function\/liver injury. The multivariable linear regression model, restricted cubic splines (RCSs) analysis and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to evaluate the relationship between individual or overall exposure of OPs and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regressions of RCSs suggested linear and positive associations of OP metabolites with aspartate aminotransferase\/alanine aminotransferase (AST\/ALT) ratio (DMP and DEP) and fibrosis\u20104 (FIB\u20104) index (DMP, DEP and DMTP) (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013non\u2010linear values &gt;.05). However, L\u2010shaped relationships were found between OP metabolites (DMTP and DETP) and blood albumin and total protein (TP) concentrations (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      and non\u2010linear values &lt;.05). The positive associations of urinary DMP, DEP and DMTP with AST\/ALT ratio, and with FIB\u20104 score were more pronounced among non\u2010smokers than smokers, among alcohol drinkers than non\u2010drinkers and among those with a body mass index (BMI) of \u226525 than participants with a BMI of &lt;25. However, most of the interaction\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      values were more than .05, indicating no significant interactions between covariates and OPs on outcomes mainly including AST\/ALT, FIB\u20104, ALB and TP levels. Finally, the WQS indices were positively associated with AST\/ALT ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.014) and FIB\u20104 score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study added novel evidence that exposures to OPs might be adversely associated with the biomarkers of liver function\/liver injury. These findings indicated the potential toxic effect of OP exposures on the human liver.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T09:24:21Z","timestamp":1666257861000},"page":"2713-2723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Organophosphate pesticide exposure and biomarkers of liver injury\/liver function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0593-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2135-4620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yange","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy  Chengdu 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