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However, the relationship between antiviral effect and the frequencies of those immune suppressive cells after pegylated interferon \u03b1\u20102a (PegIFN\u03b1\u20102a) therapy is not clearly understood. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs) and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tregs to functional cure (HBsAg seroclearance) after PegIFN\u03b1\u20102a therapy and evaluate the effect of PegIFN\u03b1\u20102a therapy on these cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flow cytometry analysis was performed along with longitudinal immune monitoring of 97 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving PegIFN\u03b1\u20102a weekly for 48\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequencies of mMDSCs and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tregs increased in all HBV patients, and they were higher in the HBsAg persistence group than in the HBsAg seroclearance group. A significant decline in the frequency of mMDSCs was found in patients who realized functional cure after PegIFN\u03b1\u20102a treatment. In contrast, the frequency of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tregs in both the HBsAg seroclearance and persistence groups significantly increased. Multivariate analyses indicated that the baseline serum HBsAg levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and mMDSCs frequency (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.027) were independently associated with the HBsAg clearance, and the combined marker (HBsAg plus mMDSCs) displayed the highest specificity (93.1%) than any other markers in predicting HBsAg seroclearance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that a poor response to PegIFN\u03b1\u20102a treatment in CHB patients may be related to the frequencies of immune suppressive cells, while the therapeutic targeting of these cells might be effective in boosting anti\u2010HBV immunity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T12:40:51Z","timestamp":1669898451000},"page":"329-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Lower frequency of <scp>MDSCs<\/scp> was significantly related to functional cure in <scp>CHB<\/scp> patients treated with peginterferon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai 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