{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T09:22:18Z","timestamp":1774171338073,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in subjects with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the association between CVD risk and metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or NAFLD and the influence of significant liver fibrosis on the CVD risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects who underwent a comprehensive medical check\u2010up were recruited (2014\u20132019). Significant liver fibrosis was defined using NAFLD fibrosis score, fibrosis\u20104 index, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, or FibroScan\u2010aspartate aminotransferase score. High probability of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) was defined as ASCVD risk score\u2009&gt;\u200910%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the study population (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a078\u2009762), 27\u2009047 (34.3%) and 24\u2009036 (30.5%) subjects had MAFLD and NAFLD respectively. A total of 1084 (4.0%) or 921 (3.8%) subjects had previous CVD history in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup respectively. The previous CVD history and high probability of ASCVD were significantly higher in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup with significant liver fibrosis than in the other groups (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In multivariable analysis, MAFLD was independently associated with previous CVD history after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u00a0=\u00a01.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.038), whereas NAFLD was not (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). MAFLD (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.40) or NAFLD (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.22) was independently associated with high probability of ASCVD after full adjustment respectively (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Significant liver fibrosis was independently associated with previous CVD history and high probability of ASCVD after adjustment in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup respectively (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MAFLD might better identify subjects with CVD risk than NAFLD. Fibrosis assessment might be helpful for detailed prognostication in subjects with MAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T02:23:30Z","timestamp":1672453410000},"page":"608-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease identifies subjects with cardiovascular risk better than non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7066-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Soo","family":"Chun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Ewha Womans University Medical Center  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Ewha Womans University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei 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Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5363-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beom Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6324-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South 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