{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:41:00Z","timestamp":1785883260802,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use increases the risk of many conditions in addition to liver disease; patients with alcohol\u2010related liver disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD<\/jats:styled-content>) are therefore at risk from both extra\u2010hepatic and hepatic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review synthesises information about non\u2010liver\u2010related mortality in persons with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD.<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies describing non\u2010liver outcomes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD<\/jats:styled-content>. Information about overall non\u2010liver mortality was extracted from included studies and sub\u2010categorised into major causes: cardiovascular disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>), non\u2010liver cancer and infection. Single\u2010proportion meta\u2010analysis was done to calculate incidence rates (events\/1000 patient\u2010years) and relative risks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) compared with control populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010seven studies describing 50\u2009302 individuals with 155\u2009820 patient\u2010years of follow\u2010up were included. Diabetes, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> and obesity were highly prevalent amongst included patients (5.4%, 10.4% and 20.8% respectively). Outcomes varied across the spectrum of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD<\/jats:styled-content>: in alcohol\u2010related fatty liver the rate of non\u2010liver mortality was 43.4\/1000 patient\u2010years, whereas in alcoholic hepatitis the rate of non\u2010liver mortality was 22.5\/1000 patient\u2010years. The risk of all studied outcomes was higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD<\/jats:styled-content> compared with control populations: The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> of death from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> was 2.4 (1.6\u20133.8), from non\u2010hepatic cancer 2.2 (1.6\u20132.9) and from infection 8.2 (4.7\u201314.3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persons with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD<\/jats:styled-content> are at high risk of death from non\u2010liver causes such as cardiovascular disease and non\u2010hepatic cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T07:54:10Z","timestamp":1674633250000},"page":"763-772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Extra\u2010hepatic morbidity and mortality in alcohol\u2010related liver disease: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2154-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Theodoreson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Liver Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3924-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guruprasad P.","family":"Aithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical 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