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The purposes of this study were to investigate pathological alterations in organelle of the liver of SVR patients and to characterize organelle abnormalities that may be related to carcinogenesis after SVR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ultrastructure of liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and SVR were compared to cell and mouse models and assessed semi\u2010quantitatively using transmission electron microscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatocytes in patients with CHC showed abnormalities in the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplet, and pericellular fibrosis, comparable to those seen in hepatitis C virus (HCV)\u2010infected mice and cells. DAA treatment significantly reduced organelle abnormalities such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and lipid droplet in the hepatocytes of patients and mice after SVR, and cured cells, but it did not change dilated\/degranulated endoplasmic reticulum and pericellular fibrosis in patients and mice after SVR. Further, samples from patients with a post\u2010SVR period of &gt;1\u2009year had significantly larger numbers of abnormalities in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum than those of &lt;1\u2009year. A possible cause of organelle abnormalities in patients after SVR could be oxidative stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria associated with abnormalities of the vascular system due to fibrosis. Interestingly, abnormal endoplasmic reticulum was associated with patients with HCC for &gt;1\u2009year after SVR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that patients with SVR exhibit a persistent disease state and require long\u2010term follow\u2010up to detect early signs of carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T06:59:40Z","timestamp":1686725980000},"page":"1677-1690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hepatocellular organellar abnormalities following elimination of hepatitis C virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Haruyo","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology II National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo 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