{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:55:34Z","timestamp":1778500534656,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BA 4233\/4\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 4233\/4\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013294","name":"Deutsches Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major disease burden in the population. While the bidirectional association between NAFLD and diabetes is established, little is known about the association of hepatic iron content and glycaemia. Moreover, analyses of sex\u2010specific effects and of dynamic changes in glycaemia are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated 7\u2010year sex\u2010specific trajectories of glycaemia and related traits (HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA\u2010IR, 2\u2010h glucose and cross\u2010sectional 2\u2010h insulin) in a sample from a population\u2010based cohort (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009365; 41.1% female). Hepatic iron and fat content were assessed by 3T\u2010Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Two\u2010step multi\u2010level models adjusted for glucose\u2010lowering medication and confounders were applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women and men, markers of glucose metabolism correlated with hepatic iron and fat content. Deterioration of glycaemia was associated with increased hepatic iron content in men (normoglycaemia to prediabetes: beta\u2009=\u20092.21\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 95% CI [0.47, 3.95]). Additionally, deterioration of glycaemia (e.g. prediabetes to diabetes: 1.27 log(%), [0.84, 1.70]) and trajectories of glucose, insulin and HOMA\u2010IR were significantly associated with hepatic fat content in men. Similarly, deterioration of glycaemia as well as trajectories of glucose, insulin and HOMA\u2010IR was significantly associated with increased hepatic fat content in women (e.g. trajectory of fasting insulin: 0.63 log(%), [0.36, 0.90]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unfavourable 7\u2010year trajectories of markers of glucose metabolism are associated with increased hepatic fat content, particularly in women, whereas the association with hepatic iron content was less clear. Monitoring changes of glycaemia in the sub\u2010diabetic range might enable early identification of hepatic iron overload and steatosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T07:39:47Z","timestamp":1685777987000},"page":"2153-2166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Trajectories of glycaemic traits exhibit sex\u2010specific associations with hepatic iron and fat content: Results from the <scp>KORA\u2010MRI<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Fiona","family":"Niedermayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine LMU M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine LMU M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Pettenkofer School of Public Health  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricarda","family":"von Kr\u00fcchten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Thorand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  M\u00fcnchen\u2010Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine LMU M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  M\u00fcnchen\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Rathmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  M\u00fcnchen\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8200-6382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Roden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  M\u00fcnchen\u2010Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Schlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Bamberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Nattenm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4788-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Rospleszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine LMU M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1797-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322572"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1321-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-021-00568-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27810"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1678-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15173"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15455"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2506"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00495"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14868"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161228"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858235"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0630"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3966-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010132"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140754"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11120871"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225217"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa112"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1758"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2022.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01134-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(18)30079-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2363"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33386"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.010"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.15635","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T07:44:26Z","timestamp":1695023066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.15635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.15635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15635","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}