{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:23:32Z","timestamp":1791401012285,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Until recently, pegylated interferon\u2010alfa\u20102a (PEG\u2010IFNa) therapy was the only treatment option for patients infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). Treatment with PEG\u2010IFNa with or without tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for 96\u2009weeks resulted in HDV RNA suppression in 44% of patients at the end of therapy but did not prevent short\u2010term relapses within 24\u2009weeks. The virological and clinical long\u2010term effects after prolonged PEG\u2010IFNa\u2010based treatment of hepatitis D are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the HIDIT\u2010II study patients (including 40% with liver cirrhosis) received 180\u2009\u03bcg PEG\u2010IFNa weekly plus 300\u2009mg TDF once daily (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200959) or 180\u2009\u03bcg PEG\u2010IFNa weekly plus placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200961) for 96\u2009weeks. Patients were followed until week 356 (5\u2009years after end of therapy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Until the end of follow\u2010up, 16 (13%) patients developed liver\u2010related complications (PEG\u2010IFNa + TDF, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095 vs PEG\u2010IFNa + placebo, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.179). Achieving HDV suppression at week 96 was associated with decreased long\u2010term risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04) and hepatic decompensation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009). Including complications irrespective of PEG\u2010IFNa retreatment status, the number of patients developing serious complications was similar with (3\/18) and without retreatment with PEG\u2010IFNa (16\/102, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.999) but was associated with a higher chance of HDV\u2010RNA suppression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.024, odds ratio 3.9 [1.3\u201312]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver\u2010related clinical events were infrequent and occurred less frequently in patients with virological responses to PEG\u2010IFNa treatment. PEG\u2010IFNa treatment should be recommended to HDV\u2010infected patients until alternative therapies become available. Retreatment with PEG\u2010IFNa should be considered for patients with inadequate response to the first course of treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Clinical Trial registration: NCT00932971.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T08:50:47Z","timestamp":1696323047000},"page":"139-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Five\u2010year follow\u2010up of 96\u2009weeks peginterferon plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in hepatitis D"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Olympia E.","family":"Anastasiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin A.","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutul de Boli 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