{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:45:50Z","timestamp":1778003150845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019996","name":"Medical Association of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The heritability of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in lean individuals is undetermined. This familial aggregation study aimed to evaluate familial linkage for NAFLD and the risk of NAFLD among first\u2010degree relatives of probands with lean NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study prospectively recruited cohorts of probands with lean NAFLD, probands with obese NAFLD, and lean probands with non\u2010NAFLD and their respective first\u2010degree relatives. A total of 257 participants were evaluated for liver steatosis, defined by the controlled attenuation parameter \u2265288\u2009dB\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, metabolic characteristics, and the <jats:italic>PNPLA3, TM6SF2,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MBOAT7<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of NAFLD in first\u2010degree relatives of lean NAFLD probands (39.9%) was similar to that in the obese NAFLD group (36.9%) and was significantly higher than in lean persons without NAFLD (19.1%). First\u2010degree relatives of probands with NAFLD who were male, and had central obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, insulin resistance, and the <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> rs738409C&gt;G allele had a significantly higher prevalence of NAFLD. After multivariable adjustment for gender, metabolic characteristics, and the <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic> rs738409C&gt;G allele, first\u2010degree relatives of probands with lean NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 5.13; 95% CI, 1.77\u201314.86) and obese NAFLD (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.14\u20138.99) exhibited an increased risk of NAFLD compared with those of lean controls without NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our well\u2010phenotype cohorts revealed familial clustering of NAFLD and higher risks of NAFLD in first\u2010degree relatives of probands with lean or obese NAFLD. The findings encourage clinicians caring for NAFLD patients to be more vigilant for NAFLD in their family members.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T18:39:28Z","timestamp":1696790368000},"page":"2713-2726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Familial clustering of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in first\u2010degree relatives of adults with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Sorachat","family":"Niltwat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University  Nonthaburi 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