{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:09:59Z","timestamp":1789142999569,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many patients with the chronic cholestatic liver disease primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) show fatigue and cognitive impairment that reduces their quality of life. Likewise, rats with bile duct ligation (BDL) are a model of cholestatic liver disease. Current PBC treatments do not improve symptomatic alterations such as fatigue or cognitive impairment and new, more effective treatments are therefore required. Golexanolone reduces the potentiation of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptors activation by neurosteroids. Golexanolone reduces peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and motor function in rats with chronic hyperammonemia. The aims of the present study were to assess if golexanolone treatment improves fatigue and cognitive and motor function in cholestatic BDL rats and if this is associated with improvement of peripheral inflammation, neuroinflammation, and GABAergic neurotransmission in the cerebellum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats were subjected to bile duct ligation. One week after surgery, oral golexanolone was administered daily to BDL and sham\u2010operated controls. Fatigue was analysed in the treadmill, motor coordination in the motorater, locomotor gait in the Catwalk, and short\u2010term memory in the Y\u2010maze. We also analysed peripheral inflammation, neuroinflammation, and GABAergic neurotransmission markers by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BDL induces fatigue, impairs memory and motor coordination, and alters locomotor gait in cholestatic rats. Golexanolone improves these alterations, and this was associated with improvement of peripheral inflammation, neuroinflammation, and GABAergic neurotransmission in the cerebellum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Golexanolone may have beneficial effects to treat fatigue, and motor and cognitive impairment in patients with the chronic cholestatic liver disease PBC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T01:17:31Z","timestamp":1701134251000},"page":"433-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Golexanolone improves fatigue, motor incoordination and gait and memory in rats with bile duct ligation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6769-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaiza M.","family":"Arenas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Izquierdo\u2010Altarejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Martinez\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Gim\u00e9nez\u2010Garz\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gergana","family":"Mincheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Doverskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umecrine Cognition AB  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E. J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University  Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"},{"name":"Freeman Hospital  Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziano","family":"Balzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integral de Neurociencias Hospital Universitario Puerta del Sur CINAC  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5565-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Llansola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3145-9538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Felipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.080317"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2017.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000817"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9090-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13797"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4530(03)00026-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.01080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3618090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.143263"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01356.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0420-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21947"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0549-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00073.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13926"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14911"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12799"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14356"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01941-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136772"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21087"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199705)20:1<1::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9081002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198111000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1330-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106908"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.15782","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T08:19:26Z","timestamp":1719303566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.15782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.15782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15782","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}