{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:00:27Z","timestamp":1753887627371,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000971","name":"Diabetes Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The burden of liver disease among people with diabetes at a population level is unknown. We explored the burden and trends of liver disease mortality and hospitalisations among Australians with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We linked Australians with type 2 diabetes on the National Diabetes Services Scheme to the National Death Index for 2002\u20132019 to determine trends in the proportion of deaths due to liver disease, overall and by subcategory. We also determined the leading reasons and risk factors for liver disease hospitalisations in those with diabetes over this period. Finally, we compared the burden of liver disease hospitalisations among those with diabetes to the general population using excess hospitalisations per 100\u2009000 person\u2010years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among Australians with type 2 diabetes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091\u2009122\u2009431) liver diseases accounted for between 1.5% and 1.9% of deaths between 2002 and 2019, roughly one\u2010third of the proportion of deaths caused by kidney disease. The proportion of deaths due to inflammatory liver diseases among those with diabetes increased from .08% in 2002 to .27% in 2019. Alcohol\u2010related liver disease accounted for the greatest share (22.7%) of liver disease hospitalisation in those with diabetes, but the number of hospitalisations for this condition declined over time. Compared to the general population, men (RR 3.63, 95% CI 3.44\u20133.84) and women (RR 4.49, 4.21\u20134.78) with diabetes were at higher risk of hospitalisation for fibrosis and cirrhosis; however, this did not translate to a substantial excess risk per 100\u2009000 population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Better screening methods for liver disease among people with diabetes should be developed and implemented into practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T01:24:33Z","timestamp":1701134673000},"page":"508-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Liver disease mortality and hospitalisations among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2471-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dunya","family":"Tomic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Population Health Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agus","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Population Health Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Storr Liver Centre Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianna J.","family":"Magliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Population Health Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan\u00a0E.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Population Health Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00690-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30314-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30431-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health.Australian National Diabetes Audit Annual Report 2021.2021. Accessed July 20 2022.https:\/\/www.monash.edu\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0006\/2820597\/anda\u2010aqca\u20102021\u2010final\u2010report.pdf"},{"volume-title":"Diabetes Prevalence in Australia: An Assessment of National Data Sources","year":"2009","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2009","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Deaths Year of registration Age at death Age\u2010specific death rates Sex States Territories and Australia.2021. Accessed July 20 2022.https:\/\/explore.data.abs.gov.au\/vis?tm=deaths&pg=0&df[ds]=PEOPLE_TOPICS&df[id]=DEATHS_AGESPECIFIC_REGISTRATIONYEAR&df[ag]=ABS&df[vs]=1.0.0&hc[Measure]=Deaths&pd=%2C&dq=4.3.TOT..A&ly[cl]=TIME_PERIOD&ly[rs]=REGION"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.National Hospitals Data Collection.2021. Accessed October 28 2021.https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/about\u2010our\u2010data\/our\u2010data\u2010collections\/national\u2010hospitals\u2010data\u2010collection"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.National state and territory population.2021. Accessed February 1 2022.https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population\/national\u2010state\u2010and\u2010territory\u2010population\/latest\u2010release#data\u2010download"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Socio\u2010Economic Indexes for Areas.2022. Accessed June 23 2022.https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/websitedbs\/censushome.nsf\/home\/seifa"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2020.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008070730"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2021.1929450"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11122236"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i8.1219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1419"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036663"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12852"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2010.02279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21336"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","unstructured":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.Alcohol consumption.2020. Accessed July 28 2022.https:\/\/www.racgp.org.au\/clinical\u2010resources\/clinical\u2010guidelines\/key\u2010racgp\u2010guidelines\/view\u2010all\u2010racgp\u2010guidelines\/diabetes\/lifestyle\u2010interventions\u2010for\u2010management\u2010of\u2010type\u20101\/alcohol\u2010consumption"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18466"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2020-000572","article-title":"Detecting non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk factors in health databases: accuracy and limitations of the ICD\u201010\u2010AM","volume":"8","author":"Kelly Lee H","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13792"},{"volume-title":"Australian Health Survey: Biomedical Results for Chronic Diseases, 2011\u20132012","year":"2013","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.15794","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T08:17:41Z","timestamp":1719303461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.15794"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.15794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15794","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1478-3223"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1478-3231"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}