{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T13:35:55Z","timestamp":1771076155211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001027","name":"Department of Health and Ageing, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is some concern that hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection might impact HCV micro\u2010elimination efforts among gay and bisexual men (GBM) with HIV. However, there is a limited understanding of reinfection incidence in the context of unrestricted government\u2010funded HCV treatment. We aimed to estimate HCV reinfection incidence among GBM with HIV in Australia from 2016 to 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were from 39 clinics participating in ACCESS, a sentinel surveillance network for blood borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections across Australia. GBM with HIV who had evidence of treatment or spontaneous clearance with at least one positive HCV RNA test, a subsequent negative HCV RNA test, and at least one additional HCV RNA test between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2020 were eligible for inclusion. A new HCV RNA positive test and\/or detectable viral load was defined as a reinfection. Generalised linear modelling was used to examine trends in reinfection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 12\u2009213 GBM with HIV who had at least one HCV test, 540 were included in the reinfection incidence analysis, of whom 38 (7%) had evidence of reinfection during the observation period. Over 1124 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up, the overall rate of reinfection was 3.4\/100PY (95% CI 2.5\u20134.6). HCV reinfection incidence declined on average 30% per calendar year (Incidence Rate Ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.54\u20130.91).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HCV reinfection incidence has declined among GBM with HIV in Australia since government\u2010funded unrestricted DAAs were made available. Ongoing HCV RNA testing following cure and prompt treatment for anyone newly diagnosed is warranted to sustain this.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T08:29:18Z","timestamp":1706689758000},"page":"1024-1031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hepatitis C virus reinfection incidence among gay and bisexual men with <scp>HIV<\/scp> in Australia from 2016 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9288-6942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan L.","family":"Harney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Alfred Health &amp; Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Sacks\u2010Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela K.","family":"van Santen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Public Health Service of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3452-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W.","family":"Traeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna L.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Asselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prahran Market Clinic  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holdsworth House Medical Practice  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail V.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Stoov\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Hellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Alfred Health &amp; Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Doherty Institute and School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Alfred Health &amp; Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00077-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz160"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834bac44"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002562"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1500"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","article-title":"Screening for sexually transmitted infections during hepatitis C treatment to predict reinfection among people with HIV. 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