{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:11:59Z","timestamp":1791688319451,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcomes in alcohol\u2010associated liver disease (ALD) are influenced by several race and ethnic factors, yet its natural history across the continuum of patients in different stages of the disease is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of U.S. adults from 2011 to 2018, using three nationally representative databases to examine potential disparities in relevant outcomes among racial and ethnic groups. Our analysis included logistic and linear regressions, along with competing risk analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black individuals had the highest daily alcohol consumption (12.6\u2009g\/day) while Hispanic participants had the largest prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (33.5%). In a multivariable\u2010adjusted model, Hispanic and Asian participants were independently associated with a higher ALD prevalence compared to Non\u2010Hispanic White interviewees (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1\u20131.8 and OR: 1.5 95% CI:1.1\u20132.0, respectively), while Blacks participants had a lower ALD prevalence (OR: .7 95% CI: .6\u2013.9), and a lower risk of mortality during hospitalization due to ALD (OR: .83 95% CI: .73\u2013.94). Finally, a multivariate competing\u2010risk analysis showed that Hispanic ethnicity had a decreased probability of liver transplantation if waitlisted for ALD (SHR: .7, 95% CI: .6\u2013.8) along with female Asian population (HR: .40, 95% CI: .26\u2013.62).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After accounting for key social and biological health determinants, the Hispanic population showed an increased risk of ALD prevalence, even with lower alcohol consumption. Additionally, Hispanic and Asian female patients had reduced access to liver transplantation compared to other enlisted patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.16023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T04:19:26Z","timestamp":1722658766000},"page":"2822-2833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Racial and ethnic disparities in the natural history of alcohol\u2010associated liver disease in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8651-2255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Ayares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-4930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Antonio","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0141-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Fuentes\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Idalsoaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago 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