{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:10:35Z","timestamp":1789791035038,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recently, a new entity was introduced, MetALD, which includes patients with metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), who consume moderate amounts of alcohol. However, little is known regarding the metabolic and clinical characteristics of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2017\u20132020 was used. Participants without valid transient elastography (TE) measurements, incomplete alcohol consumption report, or with alternative etiologies of liver steatosis were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 6901 patients were included in the study, of which 106 (1.5%) had MetALD. Overall, MetALD patients showed a metabolic profile that was more similar to patients with alcohol related liver disease (ALD) than MASLD. Specifically, while patients with MetALD showed values in\u2010between MASLD and ALD for body mass index (BMI), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and haemoglobin A1c, they had similar high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C), blood pressure, prevalence of diabetes and insulin resistance to ALD patients. Increasing alcohol consumption was associated with lower insulin resistance and A1c and higher triglycerides, HDL\u2010C and blood pressure. Moreover, while AST, ALT and GGT increased with alcohol consumption, this did not translate into worse hepatic steatosis or liver fibrosis by TE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MetALD patients share some characteristics with MASLD, but they resemble ALD patients more, especially after adjusting for BMI. Alcohol consumption produces a dissociation between insulin resistance and some cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure and HDL\u2010C), which may make the current classification of patients challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.16034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T03:04:01Z","timestamp":1723863841000},"page":"2929-2938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Metabolic characteristics of patients with\n                    <scp>MetALD<\/scp>\n                    : Caveats of a new definition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Erin","family":"Petrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5570-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Bril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"E93","article-title":"A multi\u2010society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"79","author":"Rinella ME","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00443-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30003-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3283606845"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188231178370"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.19.2559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).National Center for Health Statistics(NCHS).National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. 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