{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:54:53Z","timestamp":1774655693136,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alpha\u20101 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder caused by alpha\u20101 antitrypsin (AAT) mutations. We analysed the association between alcohol intake and liver\u2010related parameters in individuals with the heterozygous\/homozygous Pi*Z AAT variant (Pi*MZ\/Pi*ZZ genotype) found in the United Kingdom Biobank and the European Alpha1 liver consortium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reported alcohol consumption was evaluated in two cohorts: (i) the community\u2010based United Kingdom Biobank (17\u2009145 Pi*MZ, 141 Pi*ZZ subjects, and 425\u2009002 non\u2010carriers [Pi*MM]); and (ii) the European Alpha1 liver consortium (561 Pi*ZZ individuals). Cohort (ii) included measurements of carbohydrate\u2010deficient transferrin (CDT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both cohorts, no\/low alcohol intake was reported by &gt;80% of individuals, while harmful consumption was rare (~1%). Among Pi*MM and Pi*MZ individuals from cohort (i), moderate alcohol consumption resulted in a\u2009&lt;30% increased rate of elevated transaminases and\u2009~50% increase in elevated gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase values, while harmful alcohol intake led to an at least twofold increase in the abnormal levels. In Pi*ZZ individuals from both cohorts, moderate alcohol consumption had no marked impact on serum transaminase levels. Among Pi*ZZ subjects from cohort (ii) who reported no\/low alcohol consumption, those with increased CDT levels more often had signs of advanced liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pi*MZ\/Pi*ZZ genotype does not seem to markedly aggravate the hepatic toxicity of moderate alcohol consumption. CDT values might be helpful to detect alcohol consumption in those with advanced fibrosis. More data are needed to evaluate the impact of harmful alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.16044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T11:54:02Z","timestamp":1721390042000},"page":"2660-2671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Alcohol consumption and liver phenotype of individuals with alpha\u20101 antitrypsin deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0382-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin","family":"Fromme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER)  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6728-9246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolin V.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER)  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nurdan","family":"Guldiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER)  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Amzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER)  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yizhao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER)  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Genesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Miravitlles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Lung Disorders (ERN LUNG)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0411-0373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrine H.","family":"Thorhauge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Odense University Hospital  Odense C Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2330-0017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattias","family":"Mandorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III Medical University of Vienna, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER)  Vienna 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Experimental Medicine Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER)  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sona","family":"Frankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN RARE LIVER)  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Bartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine Heidelberg University Hospital  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry Heidelberg University Hospital  Heidelberg 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