{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:30:09Z","timestamp":1772991009757,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n Severe alcohol\u2010associated hepatitis (SAH) is associated with high short\u2010term mortality, and failure of response to corticosteroids is associated with a mortality of ~70%\u201380% within 6\u2009months. Granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) has been studied in steroid non\u2010responders; however, the data are limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This is a multicentre retrospective cohort study. The study period was from January 2016 to November 2023. SAH was defined as alcohol\u2010associated hepatitis (ICD\u201010\u2010CM codes) with serum bilirubin \u2265\u20095.0\u2009mg\/dL and INR \u2265\u20091.5. Other aetiologies of acute hepatitis and biliary obstruction were excluded. The primary outcome was 90\u2010day median overall survival in SAH patients treated with G\u2010CSF compared with standard medical therapy (SMT) or corticosteroids. Propensity score (1:1) matching was performed to control confounding variables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 20\u2009132 patients with SAH, 10800 (53.65%) were treated with corticosteroids and 224 (1.11%) G\u2010CSF. The G\u2010CSF group was younger (45.5 vs. 48.4) White (79.91% vs. 72.40%); however, there was no age or gender difference between G\u2010CSF and corticosteroid groups. Whites and patients with more comorbidities received G\u2010CSF more frequently than SMT or corticosteroids. After propensity score matching, 90\u2010day overall survival was better in patients who received G\u2010CSF (88.31% vs. 62.36%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01) compared with SMT or corticosteroids (88.31% vs. 74.39%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01). Patients on G\u2010CSF had better 6\u2010month transplant\u2010free survival compared with SMT (83.53% vs. 55.36%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) or corticosteroids (82.89% vs. 60.21%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Gastrointestinal bleeding was less common in G\u2010CSF group compared with corticosteroids (5.02% vs. 10.50%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n A small minority of patients with severe alcohol\u2010associated hepatitis receive G\u2010CSF. G\u2010CSF improves 90\u2010day overall survival in patients with severe alcohol\u2010associated hepatitis and is non\u2010inferior to corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.16137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T14:23:41Z","timestamp":1730125421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["G\u2010\n CSF<\/scp>\n \u2014In Patients With Severe Alcohol\u2010Associated Hepatitis: A Real\u2010World Experience"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8889-869X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritu Raj","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria Illinois USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Puneet","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust Huddersfield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonu","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.224097"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.050781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199202203260802"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412278"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2004.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22317"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"P. D.Bradley Malin \u201cSummary of the Assessment of Trinetx Data Privacy Principles Through an Empirical Analysis \u201d2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101689"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.16137","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.16137","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.16137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:35:43Z","timestamp":1772973343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.16137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.16137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.16137","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16137"}}