{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T19:57:35Z","timestamp":1774727855773,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between air pollution and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with nucleotide\/nucleoside analogues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 1298 CHB patients treated with nucleotide\/nucleoside analogues and analysed the incidence and risk factors for HCC. Daily estimates of air pollutants were estimated since the previous year from the enrolment date.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The annual incidence of HCC was 2.1\/100 person\u2010years after a follow\u2010up period of over 4840.5 person\u2010years. Factors with the strongest association with HCC development were liver cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR]\/95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.00\/1.55\u20135.81;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), male sex (2.98\/1.51\u20135.90;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), body mass index (1.11\/1.04\u20131.18;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and age (1.06\/1.04\u20131.09;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among patients with cirrhosis, the factors associated with HCC development were male sex (HR\/95% CI: 2.10\/1.00\u20134.25;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (per one\u2010unit increment, parts per billion; 1.07\/1.01\u20131.13;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Moreover, patients with the highest quartile of annual NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure had more than a three\u2010fold risk of HCC than those with the lowest quartile of annual exposure (HR\/95% CI: 3.26\/1.34\u20137.93;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Among patients without cirrhosis, the strongest factors associated with HCC development were male sex (HR\/95% CI: 5.86\/1.79\u201319.23;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), age (1.12\/1.07\u20131.17;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and platelet count (0.99\/0.98\u20131.00;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Air pollution influences HCC development in CHB patients who receive nucleotide\/nucleoside analogue therapy. Long\u2010term NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      exposure might accelerate HCC development in CHB patients with cirrhosis receiving nucleotide\/nucleoside analogue treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.16149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T07:08:41Z","timestamp":1732604921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Role of Air Pollution in Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated With Nucleotide\/Nucleoside Analogues"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyng\u2010Yuan","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare  Ping\u2010Tung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010ting","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Cheng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Da","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Ju","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Chien","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po\u2010Yao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Yen","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng\u2010Hsuan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung 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Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3728-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010Lun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3367-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung\u2010Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan\u2010Long","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2752-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee\u2010Fu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Yun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease National Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2296-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Yen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pau\u2010Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of 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