{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:53:40Z","timestamp":1787316820290,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Portal hypertension (PH) is a critical complication in patients with hepatic diseases. Its accurate evaluation is essential for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool, offering high\u2010resolution imaging of the portal venous system, hepatic vasculature, and surrounding structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims at providing an overview of the evolving role of EUS in PH evaluation in patients with liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar until 31 May 2024. Relevant studies were identified using keywords related to EUS and PH. Additional references were included based on expert knowledge and citation analysis. Only full\u2010length papers and abstracts in English were considered. Results: EUS demonstrates significant utility in PH assessment, offering high\u2010resolution imaging and advanced tools like contrast enhancement (CE) and shear\u2010wave elastography (SWE) for evaluating liver stiffness and correlating it with PH severity. EUS\u2010guided portal pressure gradient (PPG) measurement provides a less invasive method for evaluating PH, potentially offering a safer alternative to conventional techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EUS offers unique advantages in PH assessment, enabling comprehensive evaluation in a single session. Despite its potential, limitations such as invasiveness, sedation\u2010related variability, and restricted availability persist. Emerging techniques require further validation in larger cohorts and standardised training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EUS is a valuable diagnostic tool for PH evaluation, with the potential to improve outcomes through earlier diagnosis and better stratification. Addressing its limitations through further research and standardised protocols is critical to optimize its clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      NCT04115046, NCT05728697, NCT05097963 and NCT03155282\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.16176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T06:51:25Z","timestamp":1732690285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Assessing Portal Hypertension: A State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010Art Literature Review and Evolving Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Termite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2933-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Borrelli de Andreis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit Ospedale Isola Tiberina \u2013 Gemelli Isola  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0801-7152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4863-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1712-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabia","family":"Attili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome Italy Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"E93","article-title":"A Multi\u2010Society Delphi Consensus Statement on New Fatty Liver Disease Nomenclature","volume":"101133","author":"Rinella M. 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