{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:23:48Z","timestamp":1790223828290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate whether gut microbiota could predict the treatment response to pharmacological agents among metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients without diabetes mellitus (DM), as data are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively followed up non\u2010diabetic MASLD patients who used empagliflozin. Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory assessments and magnetic resonance imaging\u2010proton density fat fraction (MRI\u2010PDFF) were performed from baseline to week 52 (EOT). Baseline stool samples were collected, and shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing was performed to profile microbiome. The primary outcome was treatment response to empagliflozin at EOT, defined as MRI\u2010PDFF decline \u2265\u200930% at EOT from baseline. Linear discriminant analysis [LDA] effect size was used to identify putative bacterial species. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of outcome with bacterial species by adjusting for clinical factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010two (48.9%) of 45 patients (median age: 56.9\u2009years [IQR: 51.0\u201363.2]; male: 23 [51.1%]) achieved treatment response at EOT. There was difference in alpha diversity (Shannon index:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; Simpson index:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and beta diversity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048) in baseline microbiome between treatment response and non\u2010response groups.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDAscore\u2009=\u20094.27),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Lachnospira pectinoschiza<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDAscore\u2009=\u20093.99),\n                      <jats:italic>Anaerostipes hadrus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDAscore\u2009=\u20093.98),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Roseburia faecis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDAscore\u2009=\u20093.97),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Roseburia inulinivorans<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDAscore\u2009=\u20093.58) and\n                      <jats:italic>Agathobaculum butyriciproducens<\/jats:italic>\n                      (log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDAscore\u2009=\u20092.77) were enriched in the treatment response group.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>L. pectinoschiza<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (aOR: 34.1;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015),\n                      <jats:italic>A. hadrus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (aOR:35.0;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032) and\n                      <jats:italic>A. butyriciproducens<\/jats:italic>\n                      (aOR:22.3;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023) independently predicted treatment response but not clinical factors. These three species collectively predicted treatment response with AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80\u20130.99).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Certain gut bacterial species, particularly the combination of\n                      <jats:italic>A. hadrus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>L. pectinoschiza<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. butyriciproducens,<\/jats:italic>\n                      may predict treatment response to empagliflozin in MAFLD patients without DM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T08:59:16Z","timestamp":1739523556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Gut Microbiota Predicts Treatment Response to Empagliflozin Among\n                    <scp>MASLD<\/scp>\n                    Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ho Yu","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital  Hong 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