{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1790775023400,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004012","name":"Jane ja Aatos Erkon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016238","name":"Alkoholitutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol\u2010related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of mortality and disability\u2010adjusted life years. It is not fully understood why a small proportion of patients develop progressive forms of ALD (e.g., fibrosis and cirrhosis). Differences in the metabolic processes could be behind the individual progression of ALD. Our aim was to examine differences in serum metabolome between patients with nonprogressive ALD and patients with an early form of progressive ALD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study had three study groups: progressive ALD (alcohol\u2010related steatohepatitis or early\u2010stage fibrosis,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950), nonprogressive ALD (simple steatosis,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950) and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932). Both ALD groups took part in a voluntary alcohol rehabilitation programme. A nontargeted metabolomics analysis and targeted analysis of short\u2010chain fatty acids were done to the serum samples taken on the day of admission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found 111 significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0005) altered identified metabolites between the study groups. Our main finding was that levels of glycine\u2010conjugated bile acids (Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.90\u20130.91), glutamic acid (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.01), 7\u2010methylguanine (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.77) and several phosphatidylcholines (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.61\u20130.85) were elevated in the progressive ALD group in comparison to the nonprogressive ALD group. Glycine\u2010conjugated bile acids, glutamic acid and 7\u2010methylguanine also positively correlated with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase, cell death biomarker M65 and liver stiffness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that the enterohepatic cycle of glycine\u2010conjugated bile acids, as well as lipid and energy metabolism, is altered in early forms of progressive ALD. These metabolic processes could be a target for preventing the progression of ALD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T08:25:30Z","timestamp":1747124730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Serum Metabolite Profile in Progressive Versus Nonprogressive Alcohol\u2010Related Liver Disease: A Cross\u2010Sectional Metabolomics Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2111-9430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eemeli","family":"Puhakka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio 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