{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:58:48Z","timestamp":1788890328780,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a deep learning model based on high\u2010frequency ultrasound images to classify different stages of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective multicentre study included chronic hepatitis B patients who underwent both high\u2010frequency and low\u2010frequency liver ultrasound examinations between January 2014 and August 2024 at six hospitals. Paired images were employed to train the HF\u2010DL and the LF\u2010DL models independently. Three binary tasks were conducted: (1) Significant Fibrosis (S0\u20101 vs. S2\u20104); (2) Advanced Fibrosis (S0\u20102 vs. S3\u20104); (3) Cirrhosis (S0\u20103 vs. S4). Hepatic pathological results constituted the ground truth for algorithm development and evaluation. The diagnostic value of high\u2010frequency and low\u2010frequency liver ultrasound images was compared across commonly used CNN networks. The HF\u2010DL model performance was compared against the LF\u2010DL model, FIB\u20104, APRI, and with SWE (external test set). The calibration of models was plotted. The clinical benefits were calculated. Subgroup analysis for patients with different characteristics (BMI, ALT, inflammation level, alcohol consumption level) was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The HF\u2010DL model demonstrated consistently superior diagnostic performance across all stages of liver fibrosis compared to the LF\u2010DL model, FIB\u20104, APRI and SWE, particularly in classifying advanced fibrosis (0.93 [95% CI 0.90\u20130.95], 0.93 [95% CI 0.89\u20130.96],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The HF\u2010DL model demonstrates significantly improved performance in both target patient detection and negative population exclusion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HF\u2010DL model based on high\u2010frequency ultrasound images outperforms other routinely used non\u2010invasive modalities across different stages of liver fibrosis, particularly in advanced fibrosis, and may offer considerable clinical value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T02:49:37Z","timestamp":1749869377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Deep Learning Model Based on High\u2010Frequency Ultrasound Images for Classification of Different Stages of Liver Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3156-1235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Ultrasound West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengbo","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedAI Technology (Wuxi) Co. Ltd  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedAI Technology (Wuxi) Co. Ltd  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichao","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedAI Technology (Wuxi) Co. Ltd  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedAI Technology (Wuxi) Co. Ltd  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao Xiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Ultrasound West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102023\u2010330691"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2018.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373\u2010007\u20109225\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102893.2006.00811.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i4.516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.231461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/75208448"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.172.2.2526349"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010023\u201009436\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072\u2010021\u201010294\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.10095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2272020193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20108278(91)90084\u2010o"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims\u201022\u2010831"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000852"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.003"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.70148","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/liv.70148","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.70148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:36:04Z","timestamp":1772958964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.70148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.70148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.70148","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70148"}}